Stem Growth of Picea Abies in South Western Sweden in the 10 Years Following Liming and Addition of PK and N

Liming and/or application of specific nutrients have been proposed as countermeasures to the acidification of forest soils in southern Sweden. In this study the stem growth of Picea abies (L.) Karst. growing on acidic mineral soils in SW Sweden was investigated 10 years after additions of lime (Ca; 3000 kg lime ha⁻¹), lime plus P (25 kg ha⁻¹) and K (80 kg ha⁻¹), or N in low doses (2 × 10 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) (treatments: CaPK, Ca, N, CaPKN, and 2Ca2P2K, respectively). Compared with the control, stem growth was increased following all treatments involving lime additions, including liming alone. The PK addition did not seem to affect growth. The most plausible cause of the observed growth increases was that the lime additions indirectly increased the supply of plant-available N. The annual low-dose N addition did not significantly affect growth. This suggests that air-borne deposition of N, which supplies very small doses of N throughout the year, has a minor or even negligible influence on P. abies growth.     

Impact of Harvest Intensity on Long-Term Base Cation Budgets in Swedish Forest Soils

The effects of harvesting on the long-term mass balances of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) were evaluated on a regional level in Sweden. A new high-resolution weathering database was used together with estimates of total deposition, losses through harvest and leaching. Estimates were made for pine and spruce separately and for two harvesting intensity scenarios: stem harvesting and whole-tree harvesting. The mass balance calculations showed net losses of Ca and Mg in almost the whole country for both scenarios. The losses were smaller for pine than for spruce. The K balances were mainly positive for pine but negative for spruce. Leaching was a main factor in the mass balances, especially for Ca and Mg. Whole-tree harvesting in spruce forests led to substantially higher net losses of K and Ca than stem harvesting, according to the calculations. In the whole-tree harvesting scenario in spruce forests the estimated yearly net losses of Ca, Mg and K corresponded to at least 5%, 8% and 3% of the pools of exchangeable base cations, respectively, at 25% of the analysed sites. If losses of this magnitude continue the depletion of the pools of Ca, Mg and K may lead to very low base saturation of the soils, possibly accompanied by negative effects on soil fertility, runoff water quality, tree vitality and tree growth within a forest rotation in parts of Sweden. Avoiding whole-tree harvesting can improve the situation substantially for K, but the losses of Ca and Mg will still be significant.     

食物废弃物基吸附剂对水中重金属的吸附

研究用食物废弃物制得的吸附剂(FRA)对水中多种重金属的吸附,并研究酒石酸钾钠对FRA吸附重金属的影响,探讨影响的机理。结果表明,两种重金属离子共存体系中重金属离子的竞争吸附系数相当,均在0.46~0.54之间。增加共存重金属种类减弱FRA对重金属的吸附效果。初始浓度较低时,竞争吸附对FRA吸附量的影响较小。较低p H值时酒石酸钾钠的浓度对重金属Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)及Cd~(2+)的吸附去除效果影响更大。FRA对Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+),Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的吸附符合Langmuir等温式。     

膜蒸馏淡化西部苦咸水应用技术研究

膜蒸馏是将膜与蒸馏过程相结合的分离方法,是一种节能高效的分离技术。本文从其过程机理出发,展望了该技术在苦咸水淡化技术中应用的前景。     

无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗疏水性有机污染物的影响机理

表面活性剂淋洗法是去除土壤中疏水性有机污染物的一种有效方法。在简要介绍表面活性剂淋洗法去除作用机理的基础上,从增流和增溶两方面,讨论了无机盐对表面活性剂淋洗法去除疏水性有机污染物的影响机理。     

使用融雪剂除雪给环境带来的危害分析

针对北方城市冬季普遍使用融雪剂来融化道路上的积雪、有效改善雪后道路交通状况,但同时也带来了一系列的环境污染问题的现状,依据相关资料,并结合丹东市具体情况,对使用融雪剂除雪给环境带来的危害进行分析,并提出对策建议。     

提高柠檬酸钠净化甲苯废气效率的实验研究

以柠檬酸钠溶液为吸收剂,添加三种不同的添加剂在填料塔中进行了吸收法净化含甲苯有机废气的实验研究。在相同的工艺条件下,分别研究了添加柠檬酸,无机盐助剂、聚乙二醇(PEG200)以及三者的组成对柠檬酸钠吸收剂去除甲苯效果的影响。实验结果表明,当5%柠檬酸钠吸收剂分别添加柠檬酸时pH=6,无机盐0.05%硅酸钠、0.1%磷酸钠和0.1%碳酸钠,0.5%聚乙二醇时,对甲苯净化效率及吸收容量都有显著提高。当三种添加剂组合时效果更佳。     

海盐粒子含量测定方法对比研究

为了探讨海盐粒子含量采用不同测定方法的变化趋势和规律,采用纱布法和湿烛法这2种采集分析方法,测定了海南三亚、万宁、厦门和青岛4类大气环境中海盐粒子含量。通过对测定数据的讨论与研究,分析了在不同海域、不同环境气候条件下海盐粒子含量变化趋势和变化规律,探讨了2种采集分析方法之间的相关关系。     

石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的安全性浅析

介绍了石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的特点,分析了石油、天然气地下盐穴存储的典型事故：井喷和泄漏事故,并提出应对措施。     

麦秸强化石油烃污染耕地水浸洗盐过程及场地试验

针对油田产出水导致的含油盐污染耕地的生物强化修复,提出在土壤耕作层和主体层间填埋麦秸以强化水浸洗盐和抑制毛细返盐.结果表明,土壤中石油烃的浓度高于1.5% (质量分数)时会导致其疏水性增高而使得水浸润困难.添加5% (质量分数) 麦秸可使含油3.3%(质量分数)的盐污染土壤脱盐率从3%提高到25%,并可抑制毛细返盐.在中原油田实施了6 400　m²的现场实验,在耕作层(距地表25　cm)构建麦秸层,采用井水以及雨水进行洗盐,50 d后耕作层土壤电导率达到正常耕地水平的面积比例由17%提高到80%,Na⁺和Cl^-浓度分别从1 642.5 mg·kg^-1和1 301.2 mg·kg^-1下降到499.3 mg·kg^-1和433.8 mg·kg^-1.修复地块的小麦产量达正常耕地的72%,而对比地块仅为12%.说明添加麦秸可强化油盐混合污染耕地的水浸洗盐并抑制“毛细返盐".该方法操作便捷易行,在油盐混合污染耕地修复中具有很好的应用前景.