天然麦饭石负载TiO2的光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛负载于天然麦饭石表面热处理后得到复合光催化剂TiO2/麦饭石,并通过N2吸附-脱附、XRD及IR对其进行表征。探讨了以天然麦饭石为载体制备具有较高光催化活性的负载型TiO2/天然麦饭石复合物的各种影响因素:焙烧温度,加投量,pH值等。研究结果表明:200℃焙烧条件下TiO2/麦饭石复合物具有最大的光催化活性,达到了纯TiO2的光催化效果:对罗丹明B脱色率随着光催化剂增多而增大;对罗丹明B在pH值7～9时具有最大的降解率,开拓和优化TiO2光催化效能的新途径。     

Capturing LiDAR‐Derived Hydrologic Spatial Parameters to Evaluate Playa Wetlands

The digital elevation model data from traditional stereo photogrammetric methods are inadequate in providing accurate vertical parameters to feed hydrologic models for low‐lying, extremely flat areas. High‐resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data provide the robust capability of capturing small variations in low‐relief playa wetlands. The Rainwater Basin in south‐central Nebraska includes a complex of seasonally shallow playa wetlands that attract millions of migratory waterfowl every spring and fall. This research focuses on the development of a procedure with applicable protocols to produce LiDAR‐derived three‐dimensional wetland maps and to extract the critical surface parameters (i.e., watershed boundaries, flow direction, flow accumulation, and drainage lines) for playa wetlands. The topo‐hydrologic conditions of playa wetlands were evaluated at the watershed level. The results show that in the Rainwater Basin, 70.7% of the historic hydric soil footprints identified in the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database were not functioning as topographically depressional wetlands. This finding was confirmed by a recent five‐year Annual Habit Survey showing that 69.8% of the historic hydric soil footprints did not function during the spring migratory bird seasons between 2004 and 2009. The majority of playa wetlands' topographic conditions have been substantially changed and the SSURGO data cannot fully reflect current topographic reality in the Rainwater Basin.     

CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION AND OVERBANK FLOW IN THE GEORGIA PIEDMONT1

ABSTRACT: Historic changes in stream channel morphology were investigated in the Georgia Piedmont to better understand the hydrologic processes and functioning of the region's riverine systems. USGS gaging station data and channel geomorphology data were collected from thirty study sites in the Upper Oconee River Basin for flood frequency analysis. Historic and modern (i.e., present-day) channel capacity discharge (i.e., overbank flow) was calculated using Manning's equation and historic channel cross-section records. The recurrence interval for overbank flow was estimated for each site from flood frequency data. Results indicate that channel expansion has occurred throughout the basin, especially in upper reaches. Recurrence intervals for modern overbank events were variable and generally high ranging from < 2 to > 500 years for first to third order streams. They were less variable and lower for fourth and fifth order streams, ranging from < 2 to 3 years. Potential depositional thresholds were identified that exemplify the complex response of sediment distribution patterns throughout the basin. Results indicate overbank flows occur less frequently now than they once did due to historic accelerated sedimentation and subsequent channel expansion. One application of these findings is that these basin processes are likely applicable across the region and may impact the hydrologic functioning of associated Piedmont riverine wetlands that depend on flooding regimes.     

韧性城市视角下的历史街区防火韧性评估体系构建*

为提升历史街区的防火韧性,推进韧性城市的建设,采用PSR（压力-状态-响应）模型搭建3级评估框架;结合指标选取原则,从外部环境刺激、内部潜在风险、组成成分价值、组成成分特征、消防救灾能力、适应恢复力6个要素对评估指标进行筛选;运用专家打分法和层次分析法确定各项指标的权重,并构建由36个指标项组成的历史街区防火韧性评估体系及评估模型。结果表明:历史街区的防火韧性宜从系统面对火灾风险的压力、系统自身在受灾时的状态、灾后系统做出的应急响应3个方面进行综合评估;该评估体系具有一定的可操作性和可推广性,既可为定量评估历史街区的消防能力提供参考依据,亦可为推进我国历史街区的保护和开发提供决策支持。     

软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态分析

软土场地碎石桩因具备桩体侧向变形大、超孔隙水压力消散慢的问题,导致出现基础沉降大、土体固结排水速度慢等工程病害。路堤下采用加筋碎石桩复合地基是处理软土场地的主流方法。本文采用二维有限元方法,建立考虑路堤填筑过程的软土场地路堤-加筋碎石桩复合地基数值模型,探讨了加筋碎石桩复合地基承载力的影响因素。基于达西定律和比奥固结理论,分析高地下水位场地条件下加筋体刚度和桩数对加筋碎石桩复合地基工作状态的影响规律。研究表明:增大褥垫层厚度和减小褥垫层模量均能够提高桩土应力比,改善桩顶应力集中的问题。与传统碎石桩相比,高地下水位条件下加筋碎石桩复合地基中超孔隙水压力消散速率快,桩数增加可以有效提高复合地基排水速率。     

五莲县石材废料的资源化利用

石材工业是资源加工型产业,加工过程会产生大量的石材废料.我国对石材加工废料的研究起步较晚,应用技术不成熟.介绍了目前国内外对石材废料的几种主要资源化利用方式,并结合五莲县石材产业基地石材加工实际工艺及废料资源化处理方式,研究石材废料的资源化利用.     

深厚砂砾石地层帷幕灌浆质量检测与评价技术

灌浆是基础处理常用且有效的方法。采用有效的检测方法查明基础灌浆缺陷的位置,以便及时进行技术处理,是工程建设的一个重要的课题。本文就目前工程界常用的砂砾石层帷幕灌浆的检测与评价方法进行了系统地分析、比较,总结得出适合于深厚砂砾石层防渗帷幕灌浆质量检测与评价的方法。     

模拟酸雨对石刻的腐蚀

采用pH值分别为5.6,4.5和3.0的人工模拟酸雨,在实验室条件下对具有相同成分的石材进行降雨侵蚀实验,测定了不同pH值下的腐蚀速率.同时,运用XRD和SEM分析酸雨腐蚀的规律.结果表明:酸雨侵蚀首先发生在颗粒间隙处;pH值愈低,腐蚀愈严重;酸雨腐蚀后,石材表面碳酸钙流失严重,其它成分相对富集在表面,而且改变了其原来的形貌.     

麦饭石对水溶液中铜离子的吸附作用研究

研究了麦饭石对水溶液中铜离子的吸附作用。其吸附率与粒度、用量、铜离子溶液、溶液的ｐＨ值和吸附时的温度等因素有关，比较了相同实验条件下麦饭石和活性炭的吸附能力，提出了工业应用的适宜条件。     

苏东坡治理河湖环境和赏石轶事

北宋大文豪苏东坡,曾先后任近十个州的地方官,为官清廉,勤政爱民,为百姓做好事。在徐州抗洪修堤、杭州治理西湖、颖州疏浚沟渠,受到百姓爱戴,堪称为古代一位水利专家。他还喜爱赏玩奇岩怪石,如砚石、仇池石、雪浪石等,也是古代一位赏石家。