降雨资料时间序列长度对降雨侵蚀力平均值置信度的影响

降雨资料时间序列长度是计算多年平均降雨侵蚀力过程中的重要不确定性因素.论文以中国601个气象站1980-2009年逐月降雨资料为数据源,利用Wischmeier经验公式计算了各气象站逐年降雨侵蚀力(R因子),用简单随机抽样方法抽取样本容量分别为30 a、 20 a、 10 a和5 a 四种不同的R值样本,计算了R平均值相对允许误差10%和25%条件下抽样估计的置信度.结果表明:降雨资料的时间序列长度对R平均值的估计置信度有显著影响;R平均值置信度存在明显的地域差异,长江以南、 青藏高原东部以及河西走廊南部的祁连山地区置信度较高;在降雨资料有限的情况下,必须根据土壤侵蚀研究的精度要求分析R平均值的抽样误差及其置信度,以保证土壤侵蚀定量预报的客观性与准确性.     

国家历史文化名城地区农业与水文地质的关系

国家历史文化名城地区记录了华夏农耕文明更多的生活经验,论文以这些城市地区为研究对象,通过在全国尺度选取典型群体110 个国家历史文化名城地区为样本,并定义农业水文地质适宜度指标,对各类水文地质与农业活动的空间关系进行了量化。从研究结果来看：各富水程度的松散岩类孔隙含水岩组是农业适宜性较强的水文地质类型;碳酸盐岩类含水岩组的农业适宜性也较强;而岩浆岩类含水岩组以及变质岩类含水岩组等则是农业适宜性较弱的水文地质类型,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组的农业水文地质适宜度是岩浆岩类含水岩组以及变质岩类含水岩组的2~3 倍。     

ASSESSING THE ACCURACY OF PALEOHYDROLOGIC INDICATORS,HARPERS FERRY,WEST VIRGINIA1

ABSTRACT: Gaging stations established in 1895 at Millville, West Virginia and in 1882 at Harpers Ferry, West Virginia record flows ranging from a maximum of 6,509 m³s^-1 to a minimum of 2 m³s^-1. Historical and botanical indicators were used to extend the systematic flood record of the Shenandoah River for a study reach approximately 7.5-km long. The long systematic record at the site provides a good opportunity to assess the accuracy of these sources of paleoflood information. Habitation of the area by settlers of European descent began in 1733, and historical flood records extend from 1748. Qualitative historical records from different sources were compared to yield the most complete flood history. The correlation between the various sources was extremely high. Botanical flood evidence preserved as adventitious sprouts, tree scars, and ring anomalies were documented in 37 trees. A flood chronology established from these data extended from 1896 to 1955. Botanical indicators provided an accurate, although incomplete, flood chronology. The ability to determine accurate flood stages from paleohydrologic indicators varied. Historical data yielded relatively accurate stages to within 1–2 m; only minimum values of flood stage could be obtained from botanical indicators. These results illustrate some of the strengths and weaknesses of paleohydrologic investigations in the eastern United States.     

营销管理信息系统

本文从营销管理信息系统的构成、营销管理信息系统与企业营销过程的关系、营销管理信息系统的作用、内部记录系统、营销决策支持系统等几个方面对企业的营销管理信息系统进行了浅显的讨论。     

福建晋江地震地质灾害分区

收集了晋江市大量的工程地质勘察资料,针对晋江市区场地工程地质条件,从地震地质背景、历史震害的影响出发,依照相应规范和地质类比等方法,通过对晋江市区地震砂土液化、软土震陷、地震边坡效应、地震断层破坏效应的评判,结合地层、地形地貌分布情况,进行了震害效应分区.     

江河防洪系统年超标洪水风险率模型研究

本文在考虑最近一次历史洪水发生时间这一因素下,提出了防洪系统年洪水风险率模型.模型反映了年洪水风险率随距己发生洪水的间隔时间递增的规律.最后对这种规律对防洪标准的影响进行了讨论.     

WATER AND WASTE WATER IN IMPERIAL ROME1

ABSTRACT: Rome is noted for its water and waste water systems which were constructed during ancient times. This paper is a discussion of the impact these systems had on living conditions in the imperial city. Rome's water system provided a constant supply to centrally located areas in contrast to modern systems which deliver water on demand to individual connections. For both water and waste water systems, access points were generally outside the household. Because of this lack of individual connections, Romans were forced to spend much of their time outside their tenements in the baths, latrines, arenas, streets, and shops of the imperial city.     

文学的生态化走向--关于生态文学的几点思考

生态文学是在全球性环境危机的背景下，伴随着人类生态意识的觉醒和对现代文明的深刻反思而孕育、诞生的一种新型文学形态，同时也是生态学向文学、文学向生态学相互扩张渗透的产物。它以语言艺术构筑的形象抒写人与自然关系的现实，表达人类应有的对待自然的伦理信念、情感态度及行为规范，引领人们进入人与自然和谐共生的审美的理想境界。     

中国环境监理的问题分析和对策探讨

环境监理是实施环境保护措施的有效手段。目前,中国的环境监理工作仍然处于试点、推广阶段,环境监理管理体系尚不完备。本文通过介绍中国环境监理产生的背景、历史发展、概念范畴及存在的诸多问题,提出了完善中国环境监理制度的几点建议,希望环境监理能够在中国今后的环保管理中发挥越来越重要的作用。     

2000—2010中国景观生态研究进展的文献综述

自80年代初期我国学者开始开展景观生态学研究以来,景观生态学的研究在我国获得了蓬勃发展。文章针对所搜集的2000—2010年我国研究景观生态学的学者发表在国内的18种核心期刊上的中文文献471篇,分不同专题进行分类统计,并在其基础上对我国景观生态学研究进行分析和论述,为我国的景观生态学者了解和把握中国景观生态学研究热点和发展趋势提供依据。