Types of Ontogeny and Territorial Distribution of Small Rodents

In small rodents, differences in the average home range size, depending on the type of ontogeny and animal sex, have been revealed. The dynamics of changes in the spatial structure of populations during the breeding season are described.     

返乡创业生态系统评价指标体系构建与实证研究

构建返乡创业生态系统初始评价指标体系,并结合我国典型国家级返乡创业试点县数据,采用相关分析、R型聚类分析和因子分析筛选指标。结果显示:①返乡创业生态系统评价指标体系最终确立包含7个准则层、23个指标。②该指标体系反映了初始70个指标体系92.14%的信息。通过实证分析,江苏省返乡创业生态系统总体优于四川省与河南省。     

废旧家电的环境污染问题与对策

大量的废旧家电对环境造成了严重的威胁，特别在目前我国废旧家电的处置技术，管理方式和相应法规都不完善的情况下，废旧家电的环境污染问题更加严重，在欧美地区，一些国家已制定了相应的法规，采取了一些有效的措施，取得了不少经验，在研究了这些国外的经验和措施后，本对我国的废旧家电污染问题提出了相应的防治对策和建议。     

Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes

Home ranges of animals are generally structured by the selective use of resource-bearing patches that comprise habitat. Based on this concept, home ranges of animals estimated from location data are commonly used to infer habitat relationships. Because home ranges estimated from animal locations are largely continuous in space, the resource-bearing patches selected by an animal from a fragmented distribution of patches would be difficult to discern; unselected patches included in the home range estimate would bias an understanding of important habitat relationships. To evaluate potential for this bias, we generated simulated home ranges based on optimal selection of resource-bearing patches across a series of simulated resource distributions that varied in the spatial continuity of resources. For simulated home ranges where selected patches were spatially disjunct, we included interstitial, unselected cells most likely to be traveled by an animal moving among selected patches. We compared characteristics of the simulated home ranges with and without interstitial patches to evaluate how insights derived from field estimates can differ from actual characteristics of home ranges, depending on patchiness of landscapes. Our results showed that contiguous home range estimates could lead to misleading insights on the quality, size, resource content, and efficiency of home ranges, proportional to the spatial discontinuity of resource-bearing patches. We conclude the potential bias of including unselected, largely irrelevant patches in the field estimates of home ranges of animals can be high, particularly for home range estimators that assume uniform use of space within home range boundaries. Thus, inferences about the habitat relationships that ultimately define an animal's home range can be misleading where animals occupy landscapes with patchily distributed resources.     

海尔青岛本部2007年-2010年主要家电产量与C02排放量关联度分析

以海尔《环境报告书》和《年度报告》为主要数据来源,调查了海尔青岛本部2007年一2010年主要家电产量和CO2排放量,用灰色关联模型对电冰箱、洗衣机和空调器产量与C02排放量进行了关联度分析。结果显示,这三种家电产量与CO2排放量的关联度分别是0．44、0．65和0．60,显示洗衣机产量是影响CO2排放量的最主要因素,其后依次是空调器和电冰箱。结果可为家电生产商优化产品生产策略、控制CO2排放提供辅助。讨论了方法的局限和进一步的研究方向。     

CDM potential of SPV lighting systems in India

In view of the increasing interest in the development and dissemination of technologies for harnessing new and renewable sources of energy in India, there have also been some efforts towards their use in the domestic lighting sector. However, the cumulative number of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) lighting systems such as SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India is far below their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high capital investment in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO₂ emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable rural development. However, only two SPV projects have been submitted under the CDM so far. This study assesses the maximum theoretical as well as the realistically achievable CDM potential of SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India. The SPV lantern project is financially viable at a certified emissions reductions (CER) price of 34 € whereas the solar home lighting project is financially viable at a CER price of 46 €. While the maximum mitigation volume is about 35 million tonne CO₂ on an annual basis, an estimate of achievable CER levels is done using the past diffusion trends of SPV systems. We find that annual CER volumes could reach 0.8 to 2.4 million by 2012 and 5.6 to 13.6 million by 2020. This would require that the government sets the subsidy level for SPV lighting systems at a level that allows them to become viable with the CER revenue. From a macro-economic point of view this makes sense if the sustainability benefits are deemed sufficiently high to warrant promotion of this type of project.

青岛市公众家电消费观及废弃家电循环利用态度

为全面了解青岛市公众家电消费观及对废弃家电循环利用的认知和态度,采用问卷调查和随机采访的方法分析研究了大量调研数据和系统信息。结果表明,消费者家电消费观比较理性;对绿色家电产品和废弃家电循环利用的了解和认识比较有限,但对废弃家电分类处置却持有积极的态度和行为。大多数居民能主动将其简单分为几类:直接销售给家电回收二手市场或走街串巷的流动商贩、在线网站交易和拍卖、以旧换新交给生产厂家或销售店面、闲置于家中和赠送亲朋好友或农村希望工程。此外,消费者对废弃家电循环利用的认知度与其教育水平直接相关,而对环境和资源保护的行为与其年龄直接相关。     

The impact of a refurbishment of two communal spaces in a care home on residents’ subjective well-being

This study investigates the impact of a refurbishment of two communal spaces —lobby and recreation room— of a care home in the Netherlands on residents’ subjective well-being. The refurbishments aimed to improve the aesthetic appearance of both spaces and to offer residents more possibilities for controlled interaction. Data were collected by means of pre- and post-intervention interviews among all residents that were able to respond (N = 39), and by means of observations. Results showed that most respondents evaluated the refurbishment of both spaces positively on residential quality, aesthetic quality, and possibility for controlled interaction. In addition, residents’ subjective well-being increased significantly. Subjective well-being appeared to be quite strongly related to the 3 evaluative aspects. Results suggest that the physical changes in care homes can help improve residents’ subjective well-being.     

基于贝叶斯网络的养老院火灾风险评估方法研究

为预防养老院火灾事故,结合事故树法(FTA)和贝叶斯网络法(BN),建立了一套养老院火灾风险定量评估模型。首先,采用事故树法建立潜在的养老院火灾事故场景;其次,考虑到养老院火灾事故场景中不确定因素的影响,将事故树模型转化为贝叶斯网络模型,并结合有人员伤亡的养老院火灾事故发生发展实际优化模型;最后,以某市养老院为例,结合调研、文献及统计数据确定先验概率及条件概率,并用GENIE 2.0软件实现贝叶斯图形化,分析验证该模型逻辑可行性。结果表明:通过该模型和方法,不仅可以预测养老院火灾事故中各场景发生发展概率,还能对各风险因素敏感度和最大致因链进行分析,提高了风险因素辨识和评价的准确性,可以为养老院火灾风险分析和防控提供参考。