家电企业的低碳发展与实践

为应对低碳与节能减排这一世界关注的问题,企业应当积极推行低碳战略,并确定实施战略的能力建设。通过对典型家电产品的生命周期分析及企业低碳体系试点的研究,得到了企业碳排放的基本数据,探索了家电产品在节能减排领域的发展潜力和方向。低碳领域的试点效果为企业带来了良好的环境效益和经济效益,结合中国的实际情况给出了低碳经济的四个后续关注点。     

A MODEL FOR PLANNING AND LOCATION OF ON-SITE WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS1

Abstract: A model that incorportaes performace data about data about several wastewater management systems is discussed. From these data the excepted behavior of an individual wastewater system or group of systems can be product of the performace probabilities of its individual components. The modeel can be used on a regional scale facilitating land use planning by allowing accurate estimates of performance for a prospective wastewater management system. At this scale it can allow the impact evaluation of new wastewater technology on land use in a region.     

完善我国废旧家电回收体系——兼评家电“以旧换新”政策的回收策略

家电以旧换新政策出台的重要目标之一,就是构建我国规范性的废旧家电回收系统,以配合《废弃电器电子产品回收处理管理条例》的实施。我国现有废旧家电的回收体系是以民间回收系统为主导,虽然存在环境污染严重等问题,但契合了我国废旧家电回收的特性和国情,具有极强的生命力与竞争性。构建一套可行的废旧家电规范化回收体系,必须立足我国国情,以现有回收体系为基础,进行相应的规范化改造和完善。     

多功能混合菌剂处理模拟生活污水研究

从菜园土壤及药材土壤土样中分离选育出以丝状菌为主的6株COD高效降解菌,与实验室保藏的2株絮凝剂产生菌构建混合菌剂,使菌剂同时具有降解污染物以及增强活性污泥沉降性和絮凝性的功能.以COD去除率、污泥指数和活性污泥絮凝性为指标,研究了混合菌剂各菌种接种量的配比.结果表明,该菌剂添加于活性污泥系统处理模拟生活污水,可以使COD去除率从86.5%提高到94.5%,污泥指数从124下降到59.0,活性污泥絮凝性从0.358增加到0.530.研究表明,该多功能混合菌剂添加于活性污泥系统可以显著增强对模拟生活污水的处理效果.     

电源软线弯曲试验分析

弯曲试验是在家用电器安全检验中一个基本的测试项目,本文主要从试验角度分析弯曲试验要求和不合格的主要原因.     

Complementary Roles of Home Gardens and Exotic Tree Plantations as Alternative Habitats for Plants of the Ethiopian Montane Rainforest

Abstract:  Many tropical forests have been converted for agri- or silviculture or a combination of both (agroforestry). Conservation at a landscape scale requires an understanding of the distribution and abundance of native biodiversity in these converted natural ecosystems, of which the knowledge is especially poor for African agroecosystems. We compared species density and species composition of four plant groups (trees and shrubs, epiphytic vascular plants, mosses, and liverworts) among three arboreal land-use types in southwestern Ethiopia (montane rainforest fragments, shade-tree coffee home gardens, and exotic tree plantations). Species density was significantly higher in forests than in coffee home gardens for all plant groups and in exotic tree plantations for all groups except mosses. Home gardens had more vascular epiphytic species than plantations, whereas the reverse was true for mosses and liverworts. The species composition of the forest plots was sometimes more similar to home-garden plots than plantation plots and sometimes vice versa. Fifteen forest plots had, however, cumulatively more species than a random selection of 15 nonforest (coffee home garden and plantation) plots, even if the 2 plot types complemented each other in terms of habitats for forest plants. Tree plantations dominated by Eucalyptus had many small trees and shrubs in common with forests, whereas plantations with Cupressus were important substrates for forests mosses and liverworts. Our results illustrate the importance of undisturbed forests habitats for conservation of species at a landscape scale and that different human-made land-use types may complement each other in their capacity as additional habitats for forest species.     

欧盟环境规制对我国家电出口的绿色壁垒效应

运用引力模型分析环境规制的贸易效应的文献可以分为三类:考察总体的环境规制严度对双边贸易流量总量的影响,不针对行业和具体产品;考察某行业的环境规制严度对该行业双边贸易流量的影响,不针对具体产品;考察具体的环境规制措施对相关产品的进出口的影响。其环境规制严度的测度有横向赋值法、横向指数法及限量法。本文采用引力模型,对我国空调、显示器、真空吸尘器、电吹风机、微波炉1990年至2006年向欧盟十国的年度出口量进行面板数据分析,合并考察欧盟EMC、ROHS与WEEE及生态标签对我国家电产品出口是否产生壁垒效应。本文拓展出环境规制严度变量的纵向赋值法,按规制措施的影响强弱对环境规制严度变量赋予不同的增加幅度,在时间序列数据中如何对先后实施多项环境规制措施进行计量分析的问题取得突破。结果显示:所考察的欧盟环境规制措施对我国五种家电产品的出口已构成绿色贸易壁垒。这一结果为欧盟环境规制构成绿色壁垒的论断提供了经验分析的证据。     

Place attachment and place identity: First-year undergraduates making the transition from home to university

This paper examines the issues emanating from the transition into a new social and cultural environment distant from the home, the context of which is provided by the transition from home to university. The study analyses the transitional process over a period of 5 months, using data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation of ten first-year undergraduates who moved to study at the University of Gloucestershire in Cheltenham. It explores the mediating variables that impact place attachment and place identity during the transition from home to university. Within this context consideration is given to how participants made sense of changes in their socio-spatial environment, the ensuing problems and challenges of doing so, and how these meanings affected self-perceptions and self-evaluations. The analysis demonstrates how participant's stories of the transition evince an abiding concern with the loss of place, manifest in terms of an erosion of a sense of belonging, attachment and continuity and an undermining of home's capacity to symbolise the self. The implications of such accounts for our understanding of place attachment and identity are then explored. The paper concludes by advocating a holistic approach to our conceptualisation of place, given that place meanings are constantly being evaluated and redefined in light of changing social and physical relationships with place and between people and place.     

海尔青岛本部2007年-2010年主要家电产量与C02排放量关联度分析

以海尔《环境报告书》和《年度报告》为主要数据来源,调查了海尔青岛本部2007年一2010年主要家电产量和CO2排放量,用灰色关联模型对电冰箱、洗衣机和空调器产量与C02排放量进行了关联度分析。结果显示,这三种家电产量与CO2排放量的关联度分别是0．44、0．65和0．60,显示洗衣机产量是影响CO2排放量的最主要因素,其后依次是空调器和电冰箱。结果可为家电生产商优化产品生产策略、控制CO2排放提供辅助。讨论了方法的局限和进一步的研究方向。     

废旧家电的环境污染问题与对策

大量的废旧家电对环境造成了严重的威胁，特别在目前我国废旧家电的处置技术，管理方式和相应法规都不完善的情况下，废旧家电的环境污染问题更加严重，在欧美地区，一些国家已制定了相应的法规，采取了一些有效的措施，取得了不少经验，在研究了这些国外的经验和措施后，本对我国的废旧家电污染问题提出了相应的防治对策和建议。