Types of Ontogeny and Territorial Distribution of Small Rodents

In small rodents, differences in the average home range size, depending on the type of ontogeny and animal sex, have been revealed. The dynamics of changes in the spatial structure of populations during the breeding season are described.     

器具开关寿命检测中电流波形失真的分析与研究

本文针对器具开关寿命检测试验中的负载设计方式,特别是使用铁芯电感代替理想空心电感构成试验电路时引起电流失真的情况进行研究,首先对各类常见家用电器的实际波形失真特征量进行测试,得到试验可接受的统计范围,在此基础上,与不同铁芯电感模拟家用电器作负载的电流失真情况进行对比和分析,首次对检测电路的负载制作规范提出合理化建议,完善器具开关质量检测相关的标准化体系。     

返乡创业生态系统评价指标体系构建与实证研究

构建返乡创业生态系统初始评价指标体系,并结合我国典型国家级返乡创业试点县数据,采用相关分析、R型聚类分析和因子分析筛选指标。结果显示:①返乡创业生态系统评价指标体系最终确立包含7个准则层、23个指标。②该指标体系反映了初始70个指标体系92.14%的信息。通过实证分析,江苏省返乡创业生态系统总体优于四川省与河南省。     

CDM potential of SPV lighting systems in India

In view of the increasing interest in the development and dissemination of technologies for harnessing new and renewable sources of energy in India, there have also been some efforts towards their use in the domestic lighting sector. However, the cumulative number of Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) lighting systems such as SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India is far below their theoretical potential despite government subsidy programmes. One of the major barriers is the high capital investment in these systems. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) provides industrialized countries with an incentive to invest in emission reduction projects in developing countries to achieve a reduction in CO₂ emissions at lowest cost that also promotes sustainable development in the host country. SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems could be of interest under the CDM because they directly displace greenhouse gas emissions while contributing to sustainable rural development. However, only two SPV projects have been submitted under the CDM so far. This study assesses the maximum theoretical as well as the realistically achievable CDM potential of SPV lanterns and solar home lighting systems in India. The SPV lantern project is financially viable at a certified emissions reductions (CER) price of 34 € whereas the solar home lighting project is financially viable at a CER price of 46 €. While the maximum mitigation volume is about 35 million tonne CO₂ on an annual basis, an estimate of achievable CER levels is done using the past diffusion trends of SPV systems. We find that annual CER volumes could reach 0.8 to 2.4 million by 2012 and 5.6 to 13.6 million by 2020. This would require that the government sets the subsidy level for SPV lighting systems at a level that allows them to become viable with the CER revenue. From a macro-economic point of view this makes sense if the sustainability benefits are deemed sufficiently high to warrant promotion of this type of project.

关于电磁辐射危害及防护的探讨

家电已经成为人们日常工作、生活所必不可少的重要工具,家电的电磁辐射会给用户带来健康危害,如何防止和降低家电的电磁辐射是家电用户应该关注的重要问题。任何带电物体都会对周围辐射电磁场,家电主要的带电元件是电磁辐射的主要来源,选择具有屏蔽功能的家电是防止和降低辐射的关键。     

我国废旧家电及电子产品回收处理现状及对策

如何对废旧家电及电子产品进行高效收集并合理、安全处置,已成为世界各国普遍关注的问题。分析发达国家在该领域实施的措施,结合我国现状及存在的主要问题,提出建立规范的废旧家电及电子产品回收处理体系相关对策。     

青岛市公众家电消费观及废弃家电循环利用态度

为全面了解青岛市公众家电消费观及对废弃家电循环利用的认知和态度,采用问卷调查和随机采访的方法分析研究了大量调研数据和系统信息。结果表明,消费者家电消费观比较理性;对绿色家电产品和废弃家电循环利用的了解和认识比较有限,但对废弃家电分类处置却持有积极的态度和行为。大多数居民能主动将其简单分为几类:直接销售给家电回收二手市场或走街串巷的流动商贩、在线网站交易和拍卖、以旧换新交给生产厂家或销售店面、闲置于家中和赠送亲朋好友或农村希望工程。此外,消费者对废弃家电循环利用的认知度与其教育水平直接相关,而对环境和资源保护的行为与其年龄直接相关。     

Estimated home ranges can misrepresent habitat relationships on patchy landscapes

Home ranges of animals are generally structured by the selective use of resource-bearing patches that comprise habitat. Based on this concept, home ranges of animals estimated from location data are commonly used to infer habitat relationships. Because home ranges estimated from animal locations are largely continuous in space, the resource-bearing patches selected by an animal from a fragmented distribution of patches would be difficult to discern; unselected patches included in the home range estimate would bias an understanding of important habitat relationships. To evaluate potential for this bias, we generated simulated home ranges based on optimal selection of resource-bearing patches across a series of simulated resource distributions that varied in the spatial continuity of resources. For simulated home ranges where selected patches were spatially disjunct, we included interstitial, unselected cells most likely to be traveled by an animal moving among selected patches. We compared characteristics of the simulated home ranges with and without interstitial patches to evaluate how insights derived from field estimates can differ from actual characteristics of home ranges, depending on patchiness of landscapes. Our results showed that contiguous home range estimates could lead to misleading insights on the quality, size, resource content, and efficiency of home ranges, proportional to the spatial discontinuity of resource-bearing patches. We conclude the potential bias of including unselected, largely irrelevant patches in the field estimates of home ranges of animals can be high, particularly for home range estimators that assume uniform use of space within home range boundaries. Thus, inferences about the habitat relationships that ultimately define an animal's home range can be misleading where animals occupy landscapes with patchily distributed resources.     

废旧家用电器回收利用及处理处置技术

随着大量家用电器进入报废期,废旧家用电器的资源化回收利用成为一个新的环境问题。介绍了国内外废旧家电的回收利用状况、处理方法和工艺流程,重点介绍了废印刷线路板的处理工艺和废塑料的再生利用,并针对我国的实际问题提出了相应的措施和办法。