老填埋场竖向加高扩容工程的沉降计算与分析

针对老填埋场竖向加高扩容时垃圾堆体沉降机理的特殊性,将老垃圾堆体的沉降分为3部分:主固结沉降、次应力沉降、降解沉降,并研究各部分沉降的计算方法。结合工程实例,对沉降计算公式中有关参数取值进行探讨,并对扩容垃圾荷载作用下原垃圾堆体的沉降发展趋势进行分析,为扩容工程设计采取相应的沉降控制措施提供了依据。     

LF钢包精炼炉烟气参数的理论分析与计算

用钢包精炼炉(LF)炉气量、炉盖烟气量、炉盖烟气温度等参数结合冶炼工艺及炉盖结构进行理论分析,总结出确定以上参数的计算公式,以此可指导LF的工艺设计、炉盖结构设计以及除尘系统的设计与实践。     

The horizontal reactive media treatment well (HRX Well®) for passive in situ remediation: Design,implementation, and sustainability considerations

A new in situ remediation concept termed a Horizontal Reactive Media Treatment Well (HRX Well^®) is presented that utilizes a horizontal well filled with reactive media to passively treat contaminated groundwater in situ. The approach involves the use of a large‐diameter directionally drilled horizontal well filled with solid reactive media installed parallel to the direction of groundwater flow. The engineered contrast in hydraulic conductivity between the high in‐well reactive media and the ambient aquifer hydraulic conductivity results in the passive capture, treatment, and discharge back to the aquifer of proportionally large volumes of groundwater. Capture and treatment widths of up to tens of feet can be achieved for many aquifer settings, and reductions in downgradient concentrations and contaminant mass flux are nearly immediate. Many different types of solid‐phase reactive treatment media are already available (zero valent iron, granular activated carbon, biodegradable particulate organic matter, slow‐release oxidants, ion exchange resins, zeolite, apatite, etc.). Therefore, this concept could be used to address a wide range of contaminants. Laboratory and pilot‐scale test results and numerical flow and transport model simulations are presented that validate the concept. The HRX Well can access contaminants not accessible by conventional vertical drilling and requires no aboveground treatment or footprint and requires limited ongoing maintenance. A focused feasibility evaluation and alternatives analysis highlights the potential cost and sustainability advantages of the HRX Well compared to groundwater extraction and treatment systems or funnel and gate permeable reactive barrier technologies for long‐term plume treatment. This paper also presents considerations for design and implementation for a planned upcoming field installation.     

系统安全相似分析法及其应用

系统安全相似分析法是发掘共性事故致因,运用逻辑学和数学方法解决安全问题的方法。通过评价比较分析法、比较安全法、模糊相似分析法与系统相似分析法的优缺点,采用多隶属模糊集对系统相似分析法进行改进,克服其无法度量模糊因素相似性的缺陷,得到适用于模糊系统的系统安全相似分析法。基于此,建立系统安全相似度计算数学模型,并构建系统安全相似分析范式。将改进的分析方法应用于4起典型煤矿瓦斯爆炸事故,分析得出,越界开采、井下密闭作业、应急救援不力、密不上报、拒不撤出作业人员等是造成瓦斯爆炸事故严重程度升级的主要因素;物质流、能量流、信息流相似度接近于1,然而其对造成事故的潜在影响受到忽视,是煤矿避免瓦斯爆炸事故的极佳着手点。结果表明,这一改进有效实现了事故致因因素的相似性度量,为系统安全分析与事故预防提供了新思路与新方法。     

百色市冬季PM2.5传输路径及来源分析

通过采用后向轨迹结合聚类分析方法计算2015—2016年百色市PM2.5潜在源贡献因子(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT),分析影响该市冬季PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区,并探讨不同源区对PM2.5的贡献率。同时,使用CAMx模式模拟百色市各县区及周边区域对该市大气传输的影响。结果表明,影响百色市PM2.5浓度潜在源主要集中在该市和临近的河池、南宁、崇左,以及北部的贵州省;CAMx模式模拟对百色市冬季大气污染物传输的地区来源与该市大气污染物的PSCF分析和CWT分析权重较大的区域较为一致,这些区域对百色市PM2.5的贡献率达73%。     

道路交通事故死亡者家属精神损失改进模型

针对道路交通事故死亡者家属的精神损失具有外延明确而内涵不明确的特点,将其作为一个灰色系统来研究,应用投入产出理论、人力资本投资理论和灰色理论,在已有计算模型的基础上,以时间投入、健康投入和教育投入为指标,建立了计算道路交通事故死亡者家属精神损失的改进模型。在确定灰色局势白化值、不同年龄段有效余生、投入产出比例系数与精神损失分配系数的基础上,给出了家属精神损失与道路交通事故死亡者健康等级、受教育程度、年龄分布的量化关系。由于该模型考虑了道路交通事故死亡者的教育投入因素,因此,与已有模型相比,笔者所提出的计算模型更能真实全面地反映道路交通事故给死亡者家属带来的精神损失。     

高水分垃圾焚烧热回收和烟气净化系统的合理布置

用热平衡计算分析了高水分生活垃圾在焚烧前干燥脱水对系统热效率的影响 ,并比较了用不同介质干燥湿垃圾时热回收系统的效率和对烟气净化系统布置的要求。计算表明 :系统产生的可供有效利用的蒸汽量总是随垃圾干燥后应用基水分的降低而上升。采用排烟作为干燥介质时系统热效率也随应用基水分的降低而上升 ;而采用热空气作干燥介质时 ,计算热效率有轻微的下降。采用垃圾干燥应对烟气净化系统进行合理布置。     

Atmospheric transport pathways from the Bilibino nuclear power plant to Alaska

The Bilibino nuclear power plant (68°03′N, 166°20′E, 340 m asl) in northeastern Siberia is the closest Russian nuclear power plant to the USA. We used an isentropic trajectory model to estimate the probability that air in the Bilibino region would be transported to Alaska following a hypothetical accident. This estimate is based on the meteorological data from 1991 to 1995. Our calculations indicate that the probability that air in the Bilibino region will be transported to Alaska is approximately 6–16%, averaged over the entire year. This probability doubles in the summer and early fall with a maximum in August of 12–33%. For the entire year the mean, median, and minimum transport times from the plant to Alaska are 4, 3.5 and 1 d, respectively. Since rapid transport (1–2 d) could bring air parcels containing short-lived radionuclides, these events potentially represent the greatest risk to inhabitants of Alaska.     

平原地区公路路基震害类型及机理分析

根据资料分析和现场调查,对平原区公路路基常见震害进行分类.结合库仑强度理论和有效应力原理分析平原区公路路基震害机理.研究表明: 地震作用引起土体中超静孔隙水压力上升、有效应力降低,从而弱化了土体的强度;水平地震力是诱发路堤、边坡破坏的因素;同水平地震力相似,竖向地震力同样会造成土体强度的削弱.最后,针对平原区公路路基震害的特点和机理,在平原区道路的选线、施工、质量控制等方面给出防治措施.     

溴代烷烃的臭氧消耗潜势值的计算

溴代烷烃是破坏臭氧层很重要的一类物质,为了估计臭氧消耗潜势（ＯＤＰ）值,利用流动放电共振荧光技术测定ＣＨ３Ｂｒ和ＣＨ２Ｂｒ２与ＯＨ自由基反应速率常数,计算出它们在大气中的寿命;用半经验的方法,采用最新文献报道的有关数据,计算出ＣＨ３Ｂｒ和ＣＨ２Ｂｒ２的ＯＤＰ值分别为０．３３和０．０７６．并与文献结果进行了比较．