铀在小鼠体内的分布及其影响因素的初步探讨

通过尾静脉注射给药方式研究UO22＋在小鼠体内的分布,通过建立包含主要体液的金属离子、小分子配体及UO22＋及其配合物的热力学函数的热力学平衡模型,采用数值模拟方法研究UO22＋在体液中的形态.研究表明,给药后铀的重要沉积部位为骨骼、肾脏和肝脾脏,主要通过小鼠肾脏排泄.肝脾脏器中铀的浓度随时间变化有两个峰值.血液中铀的...     

Application of a Screening Method in Assessing Occupational Safety and Health of Computer Workstations

Employers and workers need concrete guidance to plan and implement changes in the ergonomics of computer workstations. The Näppärä method is a screening tool for identifying problems requiring further assessment and corrective actions. The aim of this study was to assess the work of occupational safety and health (OSH) government inspectors who used Näppärä as part of their OSH enforcement inspections (430 assessments) related to computer work. The modifications in workstation ergonomics involved mainly adjustments to the screen, mouse, keyboard, forearm supports, and chair. One output of the assessment is an index indicating the percentage of compliance items. This method can be considered as exposure assessment and ergonomics intervention used as a benchmark for the level of ergonomics. Future research can examine whether the effectiveness of participatory ergonomics interventions should be investigated with Näppärä.     

Occupational Risk Identification Using Hand-Held or Laptop Computers

This paper describes the Work Environment Profile (WEP) program and its use in risk identification by computer. It is installed into a hand-held computer or a laptop to be used in risk identification during work site visits. A 5-category system is used to describe the identified risks in 7 groups, i.e., accidents, biological and physical hazards, ergonomic and psychosocial load, chemicals, and information technology hazards. Each group contains several qualifying factors. These 5 categories are colour-coded at this stage to aid with visualization. Risk identification produces visual summary images the interpretation of which is facilitated by colours. The WEP program is a tool for risk assessment which is easy to learn and to use both by experts and nonprofessionals. It is especially well adapted to be used both in small and in larger enterprises. Considerable time is saved as no paper notes are needed.     

红外图谱计算机解析研究

本文提供了被认为比较准确的32种有机分子特征基团红外光谱吸收范围;提出了红外仪扫描时计算机同时采集数据,红外扫描结束后,计算机不用人工干予自动利用有机分子基团的特征吸收峰的峰位、强度信息判断有机分子所含基团的图谱解析方法。并提供了程序设计框图。给出了40个较有代表性化合物的图谱解析实验结果。     

废旧电脑的处理与资源化

分析了废旧电脑产生污染的原因及造成的危害,如何处理这些高速产生的电子废弃物,并将其有效地资源化已成为困扰环境保护的难题。结合国内外当前对废旧电脑的处理方法,提出了预防和控制的具体方法。     

基于计算机控制实现原油自动计量

介绍了原油自动计量系统的构成、硬件配置、应用软件和应用效果。     

计算机辅助危险与可操作性分析在苯乙装置中的应用

介绍了计算机辅助危险与可操作性分析（CAD—HAZOP）建模过程及应用于苯乙烯装置苯塔系统的分析过程。分析结果表明,CAD—HAZOP可以高效快速地进行大型石化装置全流程的评价,更有利于揭示大型复杂系统中潜在的关联危险。     

Economic-balance hybrid LCA extended with uncertainty analysis: case study of a laptop computer

The emergence of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on the global stage as a design and policy tool increases the importance of assessing and managing uncertainty. This article develops and implements uncertainty methods for hybrid LCA. Hybrid LCA combines a bottom-up construction of the supply-chain based on facility-level data on material/energy use with a top-down economic input-output (EIO) model to account for processes for which direct data were unavailable. For the bottom-up part of the LCA, we account for variability in process and usage pattern data by developing parameter ranges. For the EIO side we develop a method to assess price uncertainty. These methods are explored through a case study examining energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of manufacturing and use of a laptop computer, a 2001 Dell Inspiron 2500. Results show that manufacturing the computer requires 3010-4340 MJ of primary energy, 52-67% less than the energy to make a desktop computer, and emits 227-270 kg CO₂. The manufacturing phase represents 62-70% of total primary energy of manufacturing and operation. This indicates, as for desktop computers, that mitigating manufacturing energy use, for example through extending lifespan, can be an important strategy to manage the life cycle energy of laptop computers. Results also indicate that truncation error from excluded processes in the bottom-up process model is significant, perhaps particularly so due to complex supply chains of information technology products.     

跨国公司对东道国的环境法律责任问题研究

随着经济全球化的发展,跨国公司的经济影响力剧增,成为众多发展中国家外资的主要来源,然而与之伴随的＂三高＂产业的转移给主要东道国的发展中国家造成了巨大的环境问题,再加上发展中国家地方政府政绩观的错位、公众环保意识的欠缺,这一问题更加凸显,而有限责任的原则使得各跨国公司母公司避开了责任的承担。对此,必须借助＂公司法人格否认＂制度,＂揭开公司面纱＂,将公司是否滥用控制权的举证责任赋予母公司,并考虑环境侵权的特殊性,以无过错责任原则和因果关系推定为基础完善对跨国公司环境法律责任的追究机制。