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71.
Douglas P. Wiens 《Environmetrics》2005,16(2):191-203
We develop and test robust methods for estimation and for prediction in spatial studies. We assume that a stochastic process is measured, with error, at various locations. The variance/covariance structures of this process and of the measurement errors are only approximately known; in the face of these uncertainties one is to do robust estimation and prediction. We obtain a minimax linear predictor, in which mean squared error loss is first maximized over neighbourhoods quantifying the various sources of model uncertainty, and then minimized over the coefficients of the predictor subject to a constraint of unbiasedness. Robustifications of these methods are then introduced. These are based on generalized M‐estimators, and are robust against contaminated error distributions. In a simulation study the procedures afford a substantial level of robustness when the model inadequacies are present, while being almost as efficient as more classical methods otherwise. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
72.
Michael L. Stein 《Environmetrics》1992,3(3):235-259
The computer model RADM (Regional Acid Deposition Model) has been developed to study the effect of emissions reduction strategies on acid deposition. By running RADM on past meteorology under both present and proposed emissions, it is possible to assess the impact of a change in emissions on acid deposition. Combining these computer simulations with daily monitoring data available at select locations allows for much more precise and possibly much less biased estimation of the effect of the change of emissions on wet deposition than just using the computer simulations. This paper investigates changes in wet sulfate deposition, although the same procedures can be applied to any other component of precipitation computed by RADM and measured at least daily at a monitoring site. 相似文献
73.
《Environmetrics》2017,28(4)
In various environmental contexts, estimating the distribution of unobserved random vectors X i from some noisy indirect observations H (X i )+U i is required. If the relation between X i and the quantity H (X i ), measured with the error U i , is implemented by a CPU‐consuming computer model H , a major practical difficulty is to perform the statistical inference with a relatively small number of runs of H . A Bayesian statistical framework is considered to make use of possible prior knowledge on the parameters of the distribution of the X i , which is assumed Gaussian. Moreover, a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm is carried out to estimate their posterior distribution by replacing H by a kriging metamodel build from a limited number of simulated experiments. Two heuristics, involving two different criteria to be optimized, are proposed to sequentially design these computer experiments in the limits of a given computational budget. The first criterion is a weighted integrated mean square error. The second one, called expected conditional divergence, developed in the spirit of the stepwise uncertainty reduction criterion is based on the discrepancy between two consecutive approximations of the target posterior distribution. Several numerical comparisons conducted over a toy example then a motivating hydraulic real case study show that such adaptive designs can significantly outperform the classical choice of a maximin latin hypercube design of experiments. Dealing with a major concern in hydraulic engineering, a particular emphasis is placed upon the prior elicitation of the case study, highlighting the overall feasibility of the methodology. Faster convergences and manageability considerations lead to recommend the use of the expected conditional divergence criterion in practical applications. 相似文献
74.
郑建 《安全．健康和环境》2009,9(10):33-37
介绍了计算机辅助危险与可操作性分析（CAD—HAZOP）建模过程及应用于苯乙烯装置苯塔系统的分析过程。分析结果表明,CAD—HAZOP可以高效快速地进行大型石化装置全流程的评价,更有利于揭示大型复杂系统中潜在的关联危险。 相似文献
75.
以破碎至10~20目(0.84~2.00 mm)的废旧电脑主板颗粒为试验材料,分为未处理(未去除溴代阻燃剂的主板颗粒)、处理(去除30%溴代阻燃剂的主板颗粒)、加萃取物(处理主板颗粒和萃取物)、对照4组. 以CCl4作为萃取剂,采用固液萃取技术,分析了在微生物作用下不同处理组中ρ(Cu2+)、ρ(Fe3+)、Eh(氧化还原电位)和pH的变化,以考察溴代阻燃剂对氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)浸Cu率的影响. 结果表明:随着浸提时间的增加,氧化亚铁硫杆菌对未处理、处理和加萃取物3组的浸Cu率不同,其中处理组最好,加萃取物组最差. 浸提过程中,ρ(Fe3+)、Eh和pH与微生物活性、浸Cu率显著相关,表现为微生物活性越好,ρ(Cu2+)和pH越大,ρ(Fe3+)和Eh越小. 浸提24和168 h,处理组的浸Cu率比未处理组分别提高了14.11%和17.37%; 而加萃取物组的浸Cu率比未处理组分别降低了27.69%和21.67%. 表明废旧电脑主板中的溴代阻燃剂是影响微生物浸Cu率的重要因素之一. 为进一步提高浸Cu率,必须考虑溴代阻燃剂对微生物生长的影响. 相似文献
76.
散化码头化学品水污染危害性评估模式研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
提出散化码头三类典型液体化学品水污染危害性评估模式 ,并建立其计算扩散模型。 相似文献
77.
Chen Zongliang Zhang Yang Wang Yubao Zhuang Yahui KazuhikoSakamoto Katsunori Kimijim Tadao Suzuki Masahiro Uchiyam Yoshikazu Hashimoto Hisao oht Yasuaki mae NobutoshiHoriuchi Shin Suzuki 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1990,2(1):41-48
The conversion rates of SO2 to SO2-4 and NO2 to HNO3+NO3- are estimated from the field-data obtained in Beijing in summer, 1988. The results show that the conversion rate of NO2 is about four times as much as that of SO2; The conversion rates have a diurnal variation in a day. On the average, the rate of SO2 is estimated to be 4.7% h-1 during the daytime and 3.4% h-1 during the nighttime. Similarly, the rate of NO2 is estimated to be 17.2% h-1 and 12% h-1 respectively. 相似文献
78.
建筑业作为高风险行业,建筑安全一直是行业关注的焦点。近年来,计算机视觉技术的快速发展为建筑工程安全管理提供了可能性。为全面、系统、客观地反映建筑安全领域计算机视觉技术的研究成果及其不足,运用知识图谱分析工具VOSviewer对来自WOS数据库核心合集上的166篇相关研究文献进行了可视化定量分析并辅以定性分析,分析了计算机视觉技术在建筑安全领域的研究现状与发展趋势。结果表明:计算机视觉技术在建筑安全领域应用的研究文献发表数量呈现上升趋势,并在近五年表现突出;该领域的作者研究合作群体分布分散,彼此缺乏合作;该领域的研究主题大致分为三个方向,即设备的识别与跟踪、工人不安全行为的识别以及计算机视觉及其发展;该领域未来的研究方向可能会尝试将计算机视觉技术与多种数字技术和深度学习技术相结合、增强个人防护设备检测的及时性,同时整体场景信息的获取以及综合安全监控系统设计相关技术的开发运用值得期待。 相似文献
79.
80.