元江县干热河谷的特殊植物保护区划

根据区域特征、区划目的和重点,对元江县干热河谷进行了特殊植物保护区划,诊断了各区主要环境问题,提出了各区的环境目标、发展方向和主要环境对策。     

云南红河流域的水土流失与重点防治

红河流域植被覆盖度低，水土流失严重。重点防治水土流失，须立足于生物措施，推广“两效快速”树种和采用“漏斗覆膜”等技术；有条件开垦耕地的，可采用逐年梯带化等技术，并应由政府责成有关部门加以宣传和组织实施，科技机构带头示范，做出样板。     

镁合金焊丝的成形工艺及组织性能研究

对镁合金焊丝热挤压成形进行了工艺试验研究,确定了其成形工艺参数,分析了镁合金焊丝热挤压成形时挤压力的变化规律和组织性能变化。研究结果表明:在有专门的保温装置保证坯料温度始终保持在恒定的温度范围内、使用合理的润滑剂等条件下,采用热挤压法可以得到高质量的镁合金焊丝。     

改善热轧降尘效率的雾化参数分析*

为提高热轧工作区的雾化降尘效率,研究尘雾颗粒碰撞相关理论,以热轧产生的氧化铁皮粉尘为研究对象,建立基于雾滴粒径、雾滴速度和液体流量多个雾化参数的降尘效率计算模型;分析单一雾化参数对降尘效率的影响;通过实验,测得不同气液压力组合下的雾化参数,运用响应曲面法,分析多个雾化参数耦合对降尘效率的影响。结果表明:降尘效率随着雾滴粒径的减小、液体流量增大而提高,雾滴速度对其影响不明显;多因素耦合时,通过调节气液压力组合来控制降尘效率,结合高温环境对雾滴存活时间的影响分析,当气压0.3 MPa、液压0.5 MPa时,粒径为21～27 μm的粉尘沉降效果最佳,降尘效率达到90%以上,可有效解决热轧车间粉尘污染问题。     

Modeling joint production of wildlife and timber

Production of marketed commodities and protection of natural systems often conflict. A focus on only one goal can result in large losses in other goals and may result in inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In this paper, we develop a method that combines economic and ecological models in a dynamic and spatial analysis to evaluate land use decisions and find cost-effective alternatives for which it is not possible to do better on one objective without harming another objective. The method is demonstrated using timber production and species conservation on a forested landscape over a 100-year planning horizon. Current land use strategies are simulated and compared with cost-effective alternatives. The approach is compared to a static reserve approach, similar to previous studies, and found to produce substantially more efficient management strategies for the case study landscape.     

The effects on human health and hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Kirkgeçit and Ozancik Hot Springs,Canakkale, Turkey

This investigation was carried out to determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the Kirkgeçit and Ozancik hot springs. The study areas are located northeast and southwest of the town of Çan, Çanakkale. During the investigation, geological maps of the hot springs and its surroundings were prepared, and hot waters and rock samples were collected from the study sites. The Paleogene–Neogene aged andesite, trachyandesite, andesitic tuff, silicified tuff and tuffites form the basement rocks in the Ozancik hot spring area. In the Kirkgeçit hot spring area, there are Lower Triassic aged mica and quartz schists at the basement rocks. The unit is covered by limestones and marbles of the same age. They are overlain by Quaternary alluvial deposits. A chemical analysis of the Kirkgeçit hot water indicates that it is rich in SO₄ ^2– (1200.2 mg L^–1), Cl^– (121.7 mg L^–1), HCO₃ ^– (32.5 mg L^–1), Na⁺ (494 mg L^–1), K⁺ (30.2 mg L^–1), Ca²⁺ (102 mg L^–1), Mg²⁺ (15.2 mg L^–1), and SiO₂ (65.22 mg L^–1). Chemical analysis of the Ozancik hot water indicates that it is rich in SO₄ ^2– (575 mg L^–1), Cl^– (193.2 mg L^–1), HCO₃ ^– (98.5 mg L^–1), Na⁺ (315 mg L^–1), K⁺(7.248 mg L^–1), Ca²⁺ (103 mg L^–1), Mg²⁺ (0.274 mg L^–1), and SiO₂(43.20 mg L^–1). The distribution of ions in the hot waters on the Schoeller diagram has an arrangement of r(Na⁺+K⁺)>rCa²⁺>rMg²⁺ and r(SO₄ ^2–)>rCl^–>r(HCO₃ ^–). In addition, the inclusion of Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Hg²⁺ in the hot water samples indicates potential natural inorganic contamination. The water analysis carried out following the ICPMS-200 technique was evaluated according to the World Health Organisation and Turkish Standards. The use and the effects of the hot water on human health are also discussed in the paper.     

元江干热河谷环境变迁与适应对策研究

元江是我国著名的干热区，当前的独特生态环境是由自然环境变化和人类活动作用共同影响而形成的。经过区域发展的纵向分析比较，不同时期的环境变化与适应对策都具有特异性，正确的社会行为适应、生产与技术适应是区域特色产业建设和可持续发展的重要保障。     

An Analysis with the CERT Model of the FSU Market Power in the Carbon Emissions Trading Market

This paper aims to assess the consequences of the amendments made to the Kyoto Protocol during COP 7 in Marrakech. The major issue of hot air and CDM transaction costs is examined using the CERT model to show that primary supply regions, typically those with hot air availability, might control the emissions reduction permit supply market and maximise net export revenues of permit supply by withholding 40 to 60% of available hot air credits. The assumption that primary permit suppliers control permit price via a restriction of hot air supply to the market will inadvertently leave a portion of the market share open to non-Annex B CDM supply, despite potentially extreme variance in CDM transaction costs. A summary table of policy implications on the emissions reduction permit market is also included.     

国土生态修复研究的演进脉络与前沿进展

国土生态修复是推进生态保护修复、服务生态文明建设和加速现代化发展的重大举措,对于人类生存和社会进步具有重要意义。采用文献计量和网络分析方法,以Web of Science数据库中1196篇文献作为研究对象,剖析国土生态修复研究动态趋势、合作关系和研究热点,进一步辨析演进脉络和前沿进展。研究表明：（1）国土生态修复问题受到学术界广泛关注,研究文献主要集中在生态学和环境学领域;（2）美国等发达国家的学者和机构在该领域影响力突出,中国显现出强劲的发展潜力,是新兴合作团体核心成员,中国科学院已成为全球最具影响力的机构;（3）以生态为核心的水、土壤和人口等要素是该领域主要研究对象,人文和自然学科交叉下的综合性研究是该领域未来发展趋势。     

四川盆地臭氧浓度空间分异及驱动因子研究

为揭示四川盆地臭氧（O₃）的空间分布格局及其驱动因子,通过对2015~2017年四川盆地18城市82个国控环境监测站的O₃浓度观测数据,使用空间自相关,空间热点探测及地理探测器等地统计方法分析研究.结果表明：2015~2017年四川盆地O₃浓度总体呈现上升趋势（由2015年的（79.95±18.82） μg/m³上升到2017年的（88.64±11.67）μg/m³）,污染态势逐年加重.盆地中西部成都,资阳,雅安等城市O₃浓度最高,且高值区范围逐年扩大.O₃浓度的空间分布呈现出显著的聚集性规律（空间正相关,Moran's I指数大于0）,且年聚集区（H-H聚集区或L-L聚集区）主要呈现为H-H聚集区分布在盆地中西部,L-L聚集区分布在盆地东南部.此外,年聚集区的年际变化与浓度变化态势基本一致,即O₃浓度上升（降低）的区域转变为H-H聚集区（L-L聚集区）.基于地理探测器定量分析了二十个社会经济及自然驱动因子对O₃浓度空间分异的影响,结果显示社会经济因子占主导作用,其中城建用地占区面积比重（驱动值,q=0.5734）,人口密度（q=0.5479）的驱动作用最为突出,自然因子中年降水量（q=0.4592）具有最显著的驱动作用;地理探测器双因子交互对O₃浓度空间分异的影响有明显的交互增强作用（每个单因子q值平均增大了1.5~2.1倍）,且交互均值（即各因子交互q值的均值）与最大交互值逐年增大.在使得交互值达到最大驱动值的双因子中,出现频率最高的是人口密度（7次）和工业烟粉尘排放量（7次）.