Who should manage protected areas in the Swedish mountain region? A survey approach to co-management

This article investigates attitudes towards co-management of protected areas in Sweden, at the national, county and local level. In Sweden, protected areas are still primarily designated and managed hierarchically-a practice increasingly contested by people living close to them, including indigenous Sámi reindeer herders whose economic activities are located within protected areas. The general view could, on the contrary, be anticipated to be pro-state since protected areas are considered to be of national interest. For democratic reasons, however, the opinions of the whole population should be considered. In order to measure both local and general views, this study is based on a two-sample survey of 8868 respondents. The objectives are to map and explain attitudes regarding who should manage protected areas in Sweden, and to test the usefulness of a multi-level quantitative method. Such an approach is unusual in co-management literature that is empirically mainly based on local case studies. The explanatory ambition sets out to test three hypotheses drawn from common-pool resource theory; resource dependency, common understanding, and trust. Perhaps surprisingly, the results show that a considerable majority of the respondents (at all levels) wish to see self- or co-management. All three hypotheses are important to understand attitudes toward the management of protected areas, but not always in the way that the theory anticipates.     

鞍山市化学事故辅助决策系统的开发

以科学实用为出发点,对鞍山市化学事故辅助决策系统的建立和开发进行了研究。分析讨论了建立该辅助决策系统软件的背景及意义;根据GB6944—2005《危险货物品名表》,应用Access2003数据库和VB6.0语言进行编程,构建危险化学品资料查询数据库,实现模糊查询和精确查询功能;通过分析、比较扩散模型中应用较广泛的高斯模型、SLAB模型、ADMS模型,结合鞍山市当地的实际气象数据,确定ADMS模型为该软件所用扩散模型,并根据ADMS模型和毒负荷法建立危险区域划分标准;根据鞍山市的实际情况,在灵图2006和消防水源电子地图的共同支持下,实现救援车辆电子地图导航和现场实时水源显示功能。     

Effect of Rainfall Regime and Slope on Runoff in a Gullied Loess Region on the Loess Plateau in China

Runoff was measured from seven plots with different slopes nested in Tuanshangou catchment on the Loess Plateau to study effect of slopes on runoff in relation to rainfall regimes. Based on nine years of field observation and K-mean clusters, 84 rainfall events were grouped into three rainfall regimes. Rainfall regime A is the group of events with strong rainfall intensity, high frequency, and short duration. Rainfall regime C consists of events with low intensity, long duration, and infrequent occurrence. Rainfall regime B is the aggregation of events of medium intensity and medium duration, and less frequent occurrence. The following results were found: (1) Different from traditional studies, runoff coefficient neither decreased nor increased, but presented peak value on the slope surfaces; (2) For individual plot, runoff coefficients induced by rainfall regime A were the highest, and those induced by rainfall regime C were the lowest; Downslope, the runoff coefficients induced by three rainfall regimes presented the same changing trend, although the peak value induced by regime A occurred on a shorter slope length compared to those by regime B and C; (3) Scale effect on runoff induced by rainfall regime A was the least, and that induced by rainfall regime C was the largest. These results can be explained by the interactions of crusting, soil moisture content, slope length and gradient, and erosion units, etc., in the context of different rainfall regimes.     

寒冷地区应用人工湿地处理污水研究进展＊

低温影响人工湿地污水的处理效果,限制了人工湿地在寒冷地区的推广应用。文章综合分析了影响寒冷地区人工湿地污水处理效果的因素,提出:潜流式的人工湿地具有一定的保温特点,在潜流湿地土壤上面铺盖一定厚度的覆盖物可以提高保温效果,再选择科学合理的工艺流程——复合垂直流等可提高人工湿地的污水处理效率。有关实例也证明:通过合理的设计,人工湿地可以在寒冷地区成功越冬。     

沸腾炉烟气处理系统改造

结合义煤集团耿村煤矿沸腾炉烟气排放特点等因素,选择袋式除尘器对原除尘系统进行改造,改造后沸腾炉烟尘实现了达标排放.     

区域高速公路网紧急事件救援协作体系构建

从加强高速公路紧急事件应急处置、协同管理的角度出发,给出区域高速公路网和紧急事件的定义,界定了紧急事件的分类和特征,阐明建立救援协作体系的必要性。从工作流程和环节控制入手,构建包括决策组织、信息共享、交通管控、现场救援、应急储备等内容在内的区域高速公路网紧急事件救援协作体系,提出各模块构成要件及典型运作模式,有助于统筹区域高速公路网决策指挥,优化应急资源配置和调度,密切紧急事件协同处置,提高救援效率和水平。     

长江上游山丘区土地承载力研究与评价——以四川省宜宾市为例

我国是一个以山地为主的国家，耕地有限且以山丘坡耕地为主，协调人地关系非常重要。以四川省宜宾市为例，通过土地资源生产潜力和人口数量预测模型的建立，采用环境容量等级系数计算和等级划分方法，对基于水土流失和生态工程建设作用下的长江上游流域山丘区土地利用类型与格局的变化及其它人类活动对土地承载力的影响进行了研究与评价。研究结果表明，宜宾市土地资源的生产潜力在2010、2015、2020年时总体上都能承载3种生活类型条件下的人口数量，3种生活类型下的容量等级基本都在“3”以上，即达到“满足”水平，并呈现出向“富余”水平提高的趋势，这表明尚具有较大潜力和空间的土地承载力是宜宾区域经济发展的有利驱动因素，人类活动对土地承载力产生的影响在可承受的生态阈值之内，为长江上游流域及我国广大山丘地区的生态环境建设和区域发展提供了可靠依据。     

Nature Reserve and Ecotourism Development in China＇s Wuzhishan Mountain Region

As the protected areas of land and coastal environment, nature reserves are designed to address how to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity, the quest for economic and social development and the maintenance of cultural values. This paper establishes a framework for nature reserve development that seeks to incorporate ecotourism into its strategies. The overall purpose was to identify the information needs required for a comprehensive nature reserve that incorporates ecotourism related values. It also illustrates the utility of this framework in the context of the Wuzhishan Mountain Region of China. A literature review, the first phase of a visionary strategy and a subsequent gap analysis for available management information were undertaken in order to achieve this paper＇s purpose. Finally, recommendations axe pre-sented for integrating ecotourism into nature reserve development in the Wuzhishan Mountain Region.     

长江流域资源环境与区域发展研究的回顾及展望

资源与环境问题是影响和制约可持续发展的核心问题。对《长江流域资源与环境》1995年至2004年10年间发表的学术论文进行了统计分析，就论文所涉及的研究领域、论文所运用的研究方法、研究机构的类型与地域分布等特征进行了全面的归类分析和总结研究。认为资源环境科学与区域可持续发展在未来的研究过程中必须实现促进学科的交叉与渗透，实现学科的系统集成与整合发展；寻找科学研究中的薄弱环节和新的生长点，积极开辟新的研究领域； 强化各项新技术、新手段的应用，提高科学研究的技术水平；深化区域研究，提高区域研究的综合性水平四大突破，才能适应和满足学科发展及社会发展的需要。     

静风环境热重气体行为模式分析

热重气体是指从容器、管道、钻井等喷出时的温度比大气环境温度高、标准状况下密度比空气密度大的气体.有毒热重气体沉降到地面会对人和动植物造成危害.本文根据能量守恒定律和气体状态方程,建立了静风环境热重气体行为模式判别式,计算分析了喷出气体温度不同、有毒热重气体含量不同时的有毒热重气体行为模式.计算结果分析表明,随着喷出气体温度的升高,空气与有毒热重气体混合物中有毒热重气体开始沉降的浓度下降.