房地产建设项目生态宜居性的模糊综合评价

以现代住区人居生态环境的要求和前人研究为基础,立足于以人为本和便于实际评估工作的开展,综合考虑人居生态环境健康、舒适的特点,在类比众多评价方法和参考国内外指标体系的基础上,运用模糊综合评价对某一大型房地产项目的生态宜居性进行初步分析,以期完善、充实中国房地产项目的生态宜居性评价体系和方法,为该领域的进一步研究提供基础。     

Use of landscape and land use parameters for classification and characterization of watersheds in the mid-Atlantic across five physiographic provinces

The Atlantic Slope Consortium (ASC) is a project designed to develop and test a set of indicators in coastal systems that are ecologically appropriate, economically reasonable, and relevant to society. The suite of indicators will produce integrated assessments of the condition, health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems based on ecological and socioeconomic information compiled at the scale of estuarine segments and small watersheds. The research mandate of the ASC project is the following:

Using a universe of watersheds, covering a range of social choices, we ask two questions:

• ? How “good” can the environment be, given those social choices?
• ? What is the intellectual model of condition within those choices, i.e., what are the causes of condition and what are the steps for improvement?

As a basis for compiling ecological indicators, a watershed classification system was required for the experimental design. The goal was to develop approximately five categories of watersheds for each physiographic province, utilizing landscape and land use parameters that would be predictive of aquatic resource condition. All 14-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC) watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic region would then be classified according to the regime. Five parameters were utilized for the classification: three land cover categories, consisting of forested, agricultural, and urban, median slope or median elevation, and total variance of land covers in 1-km-radius circles positioned on all stream convergence points in a specified 14-digit?HUC watershed. Cluster analysis utilizing these five parameters resulted in approximately five well-defined watershed classes per physiographic province. The distribution of all watersheds in the Mid-Atlantic region across these categories provides a unique report on the probable condition of watersheds in the region.     

Differentiating HR systems' impact: moderating effects of age on the HR system–work outcome association

Combining the macro perspective of strategic human resource (HR) management with applied psychology's micro approaches, this paper helps to differentiate the effects of HR practices on individual‐level outcomes by introducing two distinct HR practice bundles. We draw on social exchange theory to hypothesize (i) main effects of both growth‐enhancing and maintenance‐enhancing bundles on affective organizational commitment and in‐role behavior and (ii) moderating effects of age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes, such that increasing employee age attenuates the positive impact of HR practices. The results of a multilevel study comprising 600 employees and their direct supervisors in 64 business units provide support for the hypothesized main effects on affective commitment and the interaction between age and maintenance‐enhancing practices on work outcomes. We discuss the results, theoretical contributions, and practical implications of the study, as well as future research directions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同粒径的大气细颗粒物对A549细胞的毒性研究

研究了不同粒径的大气细颗粒物对人肺癌上皮细胞A549的生物学效应,探讨了大气中细颗粒物粒径与细胞毒性的关系。采集杭州市大气中不同粒径的细颗粒物,制备成不同粒径的颗粒物总悬浮液,将A549细胞暴露于该制备液24 h后,测定细胞活力(MTT法)和培养液上清液中的LDH含量;并选择最佳浓度为后续暴露剂量,测定ROS生成量,评价不同粒径大气细颗粒物对细胞损伤效应。此外,还采用RTPCR测定凋亡基因P50、BAX、BCL-2表达情况。不同粒径的细颗粒物均显著抑制A549细胞活力,LDH显著增多,并存在剂量-效应关系;最佳染毒质量浓度为10μg/m L;ROS的生成量和各个凋亡基因的mRNA表达量均高于对照组。大气中不同粒径的细颗粒物均能对A549细胞产生毒性,并且随粒径增加,颗粒物对细胞的毒性呈降低趋势。     

保护人体健康的萘水质基准研究

依据我国《人体健康水质基准制定技术指南》（HJ 837—2017）,通过对萘的非致癌毒性效应及第二、三和四营养级的生物累积系数分析,推导了同时饮水和消费水产品以及仅消费水产品的萘污染物人体健康水质基准.研究结果显示,第二、三和四营养级的最终营养级生物累积系数分别为248,533,406L/kg,同时饮水和消费水产品的萘的人体健康水质基准为16.6μg/L,仅消费水产品的萘的人体健康水质基准为18.9μg/L.     

The short-chain perfluorinated compounds PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA, disrupt human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and adipogenic differentiation

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in industrial processes and daily life products. Because they are persistent, they accumulate in the environment, wildlife and humans. Although many studies have focused on two of the most representative PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, the potential toxicity of short-chain PFASs has not yet been given sufficient attention. We used a battery of assays to evaluate the toxicity of several four-carbon and six-carbon perfluorinated sulfonates and carboxyl acids (PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA), with a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) system. Our results demonstrate significant cyto- and potential developmental toxicity for all the compounds analyzed, with shared but also distinct mechanisms of toxicity. Moreover, the effects of PFBS and PFHxS were stronger than those of PFBA and PFHxA, but occurred at higher doses compared to PFOS or PFOA.     

Performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell for landfill leachate treatment: Research updates and synergistic effects of hybrid systems

Over half of century, sanitary landfill was and is still the most economical treatment strategy for solid waste disposal, but the environmental risks associated with the leachate have brought attention of scientists for its proper treatment to avoid surface and ground water deterioration. Most of the treatment technologies are energy-negative and cost intensive processes, which are unable to meet current environmental regulations. There are continuous demands of alternatives concomitant with positive energy and high effluent quality. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were launched in the last two decades as a potential treatment technology with bioelectricity generation accompanied with simultaneous carbon and nutrient removal. This study reviews capability and mechanisms of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous removal from landfill leachate through MFC technology, as well as summarizes and discusses the recent advances of standalone and hybrid MFCs performances in landfill leachate (LFL) treatment. Recent improvements and synergetic effect of hybrid MFC technology upon the increasing of power densities, organic and nutrient removal, and future challenges were discussed in details.     

海南省昌化江河口海域生物体中多环芳烃污染特征、来源解析及健康风险评价

为了研究海南昌化江典型海岛型河口海域生物体多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染状况,应用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析了33种海洋生物体内16种优先控制PAHs的含量,并探讨了PAHs组分、来源和潜在的食用风险.结果表明,底层鱼类(湿重,下同)、甲壳类和中上层鱼类生物体PAHs总量范围分别为5.52～787.98、 12.18～154.64和10.20～199.79 ng·g~(-1),平均含量分别为83.21、 64.72和89.48 ng·g~(-1).各类生物体中PAHs含量存在一定的差异,平均含量由高到低依次为:中上层鱼类、底层鱼类和甲壳类.与国内外其他地区相比,昌化江河口海域生物体PAHs污染处于中低水平.来源分析结果显示,33种海洋生物体中PAHs主要来源于燃烧源(石油燃烧和生物质燃烧)和石油源,且底层生物受到燃烧源影响较大,而中上层生物受到石油源影响较大.风险评价结果显示苯并[a]芘(BaP)含量处于欧盟规定的限值范围,昌化江河口海域大部分生物处于食用安全范围内,但长期食用这些海产品可能会有潜在的健康风险(1.0×10~(-5)≤ILCR1.0×10~(-4)).     

洱海流域乡镇尺度上人类活动对净氮输入量的影响

人类活动引起的氮素过量输入已经成为引起水体富营养化及其他生态危害的主要原因.为了研究人类活动对流域氮素的影响,本文基于洱海流域16个乡镇行政单元的统计数据,考虑流动人口的影响,利用NANI模型估算洱海流域乡镇尺度的人类活动净氮输入量(net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs,NANI).结果表明,2014年洱海流域NANI总量为29.81×10~3t,单位面积输入强度(以氮计)为10 986 kg·(km~2·a)-1,显著高于我国平均水平.当地旅游人口带入的食品氮输入为0.26×10~3t,占到了流域居民食品氮输入的8%.从氮素的输入量的构成来看,肥料输入是最大的贡献源,占到了流域净氮输入的47%,其次为食品饲料的净氮输入.在空间分布上,乡镇单元的NANI分布呈现明显区域化特征,从流域整体上看呈现北高南低的特点.耕地或人口集中的乡镇NANI强度偏高,洱海流域具有较大的氮素污染风险.     

长三角典型城郊土壤抗生素空间分布的影响因素研究

阐明土壤抗生素的空间分布特征对于认识抗生素的空间扩散和迁移过程、控制土壤抗生素污染、维护土壤安全具有重要意义.本研究通过空间采样,系统分析了长三角地区典型城郊流域土壤抗生素的空间分布特征,并探讨了人类活动、土壤性质和微生物群落对土壤抗生素分布的影响.结果表明,农田土壤中抗生素含量显著高于园地和林地,其中,检出浓度顺序为:四环素类(TCs)喹诺酮类(QNs)大环内酯类(MLs)磺胺类(SAs),平均含量分别为41.43、11.38、0.15、0.09μg·kg~(-1),农田土壤抗生素含量与有机肥施用密切相关.Spearman相关分析结果表明,TCs、QNs、SAs及抗生素总含量与距城镇距离、距道路距离、海拔及C/N具有显著的负相关性(p0.05),表明这3类抗生素的空间分布受人类活动的强烈影响,而MLs含量与人类活动的关系则较弱.土壤养分、颗粒组成、pH、容重等对抗生素的吸附、迁移、降解等环境行为具有强烈的影响,其空间异质性影响了土壤抗生素空间分布的差异性.土壤微生物群落与土壤抗生素之间具有较为复杂的联系,研究发现,部分变形菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门及浮霉菌门细菌与土壤抗生素含量呈现负相关.方差分解分析揭示出土壤性质、人类活动及其相互作用是土壤抗生素空间分布的主要影响因素,对土壤抗生素分布空间变化的总解释度接近于58%,达到了较高水平.