目前国有企业人力资源管理存在的问题与改进对策

目前国有企业在从传统人事管理向现代人力资源管理模式转变过程中遇到了改革受阻、效果不佳、观念落后、定位不高等问题,这些问题的产生主要是由于传统思想认识、落后的工作开发定位等根本性原因.因此,国有企业应采取树立新型大人力资源观念,加强人力资源管理部门自身建设,运用现代人力资源管理手段切实处理好培训开发、激励、评估等关键问题的改进对策.     

Effect of Nonylphenol on Steroidogenesis of Rat Leydig Cells

Nonylphenol is the primary final biodegradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPE), a non-ionic surfactant that is frequently incorporated into pesticide and detergent formulation. Recent researchers have hypothesized that environmental/ occupational exposure to nonylphenol poses adverse effects on reproductive system of humans and wildlife species. During our study, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to examine the effect of nonylphenol on testosterone biosynthesis of rat Leydig cells. In experiment in vivo, serum testosterone (T) as well as luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were detected after animals had been treated with different doses (0 mg/kg/day, 125 mg/kg/day, and 250 mg/kg/day) of nonylphenol for 50 days by gavage, and the final result revealed that testosterone level dramatically declined at the dose of 250 mg/kg/day, while LH level ascended at the dose of 125 mg/kg/day and 250 mg/kg/day. In experiment in vitro, primary cultured Leydig cells were exposed to nonylphenol for 48 h, including low concentrations (0 mg/L, 0.0011 mg/L, 0.0033 mg/L, 0.0055 mg/L, 0.011 mg/L, 0.022 mg/L) and higher concentrations (0.11 mg/L, 0.55 mg/L, 1.1 mg/L, 1.65 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 2.75 mg/L, 3.3 mg/L, 5.5 mg/L). Increase of testosterone levels was observed at low concentrations of nonylphenol while reduction was detected at higher concentrations.     

Addressing inequality and intolerance in human–wildlife coexistence

Millennia of human conflict with wildlife have built a culture of intolerance toward wildlife among some stakeholders. We explored 2 key obstacles to improved human–wildlife coexistence: coexistence inequality (how the costs and benefits of coexisting with wildlife are unequally shared) and intolerance. The costs of coexisting with wildlife are often disproportionately borne by the so-called global south and rural communities, and the benefits often flow to the global north and urban dwellers. Attitudes and behaviors toward wildlife (tolerance versus intolerance) vary with social and cultural norms. We suggest more empathetic advocacy is needed that, for example, promotes conservation while appropriately considering those who bear the costs of conflict with wildlife. To achieve more equitable cost-sharing, we suggest limiting the costs incurred by those most affected or by sharing those costs more widely. For example, we advocate for the development of improved wildlife compensation schemes, increasing the scale of rewilding efforts, and preventing wildlife-derived revenue leaching out of the local communities bearing the costs of coexistence.     

改革开放30年人的发展:评价与反思

传统的“唯GDP ”的经济发展方式成为中国未来经济可持续发展的桎梏,转变发展方式,提高经济增长质量,倡导共享式、包容性增长成为中国经济发展的新主题,而这种发展模式的基本导向就是促进“人的发展”.基于这样一个视角,本文依据经济增长质量提高的要求,从人的素质、人的福利、人的保障、人的迁移4个方面构建综合评价指标体系,对改革开放30年人的发展程度进行了测度与评价.评价结果显示:随着经济不断发展,30年间中国人的发展状况得到明显提高,但是人的发展指数以及人的素质指数、人的福利指数、人的保障指数、人的迁移指数、经济状况指数、资源环境指数仍需不断改善.未来中国在提高增长质量的过程中要促进人的发展,强调经济发展与人的发展的协调,树立“以人为本”的发展理念,着眼于人性,重视人的存在、人的价值、人的意义,建立促进人的素质和能力提升的机制和体制,确定以“富民”为目标的经济发展道路,实现人的发展与生态环境协调发展的有机统一.     

Effect of acute exposure of acephate on hemocyte abundance in a non-target victim Drosophila melanogaster

Organophosphate insecticide acephate was tested to investigate effects on hemocyte abundance in a non-target dipteran insect Drosophila melanogaster. For this purpose, third-instar larvae were fed on four graded concentrations (2, 4, 6, or 8 μg/ml) acephate for a period of 12 and 24 hr (acute treatment). Control groups were simultaneously maintained for comparison. Relative proportions of plasmatocytes in hemolymph smear were found to fall with increasing concentrations of the test chemical. Similar decreasing trend in population of lamellocytes was also noted after 12 and 24 hr chemical exposure. In contrast to plasmatocytes and lamellocytes, crystal cell number was found to rise with increasing pesticide concentration. Several factors like oxidative stress, apoptosis induction, and mitotic failure might be the cause of reduced plasmatocyte and lamellocyte count. The elevated number of crystal cells in hemolymph smears is directly indicative of high melanin synthesis that assists larvae to combat chemical stress, since melanin is well known for its potential to minimize physical, chemical, and pathogenic stress.     

兰州市城关区2000年春季大气气溶胶特征及分析

通过对兰州市城关区2000年春季大气气溶胶的监测,分析了该地区总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的质量浓度及飘尘的粒径分布规律.结果表明:春季该地区TSP及飘尘的污染十分严重;TSP的质量浓度的日变化为双峰型;粗粒子在飘尘中的比例比较大;气象条件、人为活动规律对TSP的质量浓度变化规律及飘尘的粒径分布规律影响较大.      

取代苯对人体细胞的定量结构—遗传毒性研究

通过微核实验,测定了 36 种取代苯类化合物对人体外周血淋巴细胞的遗传毒性;并构建了遗传毒性与分子结构参数之间的 QSAR 模型.结果表明,有 34 种化合物显著地导致了微核的产生,具有明显的遗传毒性;遗传毒性的大小与分子结构描述符辛醇-水分配系数(MlogP)、x 轴主惯性矩(Principalx)、γ 极化率[Polar(γ)]等存在良好的结构-活性相关关系,所建模型的相关系数 R² =0.718,具有较高的预测能力,可用来预测取代苯类化合物的遗传毒性.     

关于荒漠化地区可持续发展的几点思考——以北方沙漠化地区为例

荒漠化的发生、发展和逆转过程蕴涵着丰富的生态学、社会学和经济学原理。本文首先提出了荒漠化地区人地关系研究的技术路线,即现状诊断－－演变历程－－矛盾与冲突分析－－协调性分析－－调控与管理;继之以北方沙漠化地区为例,对路线涉及的具体内容加以简要分析;在此基础上,对如何协调人地关系提出建议。     

HDPI: A Framework for Pollution-Sensitive Human Development Indicators

The aim of this study is to draw up a framework for pollution-sensitive human development indicators, which we refer to as HDPI. The method used to determine HDPI is based on that used for human development index (HDI) drawn up annually since 1990 by the UNDP. The novelty lies in the incorporation into 'HDI of an environmental factor, measured in terms of CO₂ emissions from industrial processes per capita. HDPI penalises those countries which have obtained growth in income at the expense of damaging the environment. A particular case for these indicators is used to draw up a pollution sensitive human development index for 165 countries for which data are available, for the period from 1993 to 1998. The results obtained in this case are analysed.