取代芳烃对三种生物急性毒性的QSAR研究

根据成键原子的结构特征定义其生物活性点价为δiA,并在分子拓扑理论基础上由δiA 建构新的连接性指数nH =∑ (δiA·δAj·δAk… ) 0 .5,其中 ,0价指数0 H =∑ (δiA) 0 .5,1价指数1 H =∑ (δiA·δAj) 0 .5。以0 H、1 H及指示变量I为结构描述符 ,籍助多元线性回归技术 ,分别建立了取代芳烃 (含Cl、Br、CH3、OH、NH2 、NO2 等 )对发光菌、大型蚤、呆鲦鱼的QSAR模型 :以模型的估算结果均优于文献结果 ,而且计算简单 ,应用方便 ,为定量评估和预测同类型其它化合物的生物毒性提供了参考依据。     

青藏铁路沿线北段植被物种丰富度及盖度的动态变化

通过青藏铁路沿线北段西大滩至唐古拉山北坡范围内植被样带的抽样调查,对植物物种丰富度（〖WTBX〗S〖WTBZ〗）、植被盖度由北至南的动态变化特征以及两者的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明：（1）在青藏沿线北段高海拔地区,由北至南植物物种丰富度呈逐渐升高的趋势,1m2样方平均物种数量由沿线北部样带的5或6种,逐渐升高至南部样带的9或10种。多重比较表明,相邻或相近的植被样带间单位面积物种丰富度多差异不显著,而当样带间距加大时,则表现出显著性差异。（2）由北至南各样带1m2样方平均盖度呈不规则的动态变化,多重分析表明,多数样带间1m2样方盖度间存在显著差异,说明植被盖度与物种丰富度相比更多地受到地形、土壤理化性质等小环境因素的影响。（3）研究区域北部各样带1m2样方平均盖度与物种丰富度呈现较显著的正相关关系,且多以乘幂指数方程拟合精度较高。而在研究区域南部,则未表现出显著的相关关系,这是因为这些样带中群落盖度主要受少数优势种盖度所控制,而与群落物种数量相关性不大。最后,提出今后需要加强青藏铁路沿线高寒地区植被分布格局及其环境解释的相关研究,以便深入分析区域植被分布的格局和成因。     

新疆博尔塔拉河流域平原区地表水与地下水水化学特征及转化关系

博尔塔拉河流域地质条件复杂,地表水与地下水转化频繁,研究地表水与地下水水化学特征及转化关系对流域水资源合理开发和配置具有重要意义.基于2021年4～5月采集的15组地表水样和39组地下水样,采用APCS/MLR模型和稳定氢氧同位素与水化学相结合的方法,分析了地表水和地下水水化学类型和氢氧同位素分布特征、水化学组分源贡献...     

Elemental distribution in the edible leaves of Celosia trigyna from the western and northern regions of Nigeria

Celosia trigyna, which belongs to the plant family Amaranthaceae, is a plant used in traditional medicine to treat several conditions such as sores, chest pains, diarrhoea and menstrual cramps in many countries in Africa. It is also consumed by the local people in Nigeria as soups, sauces and stews. In this study, the distribution and bioaccumulation of the elements in C. trigyna species and growth soil from the western and northern regions of Nigeria was investigated to determine the effects of geographical location on the uptake of elements by the plant. Elemental concentrations in the leaves from the western region were found to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?>?Cu?>?Pb?>?As?>?Ni. Concentrations of elements in the leaves from the northern region were found to be in decreasing order of Ca?>?Mg?>?Fe?>?Mn?>?Zn?> Cu?>?As?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Co?>?Cd. Proximate analysis of leaves from both regions compared well with the recommended dietary allowance making the leaves safe for human consumption. Principal component analysis was used to group elements having the same sources irrespective of their geographical locations. Cd, Co and Cr were not detected in the leaves from the western region. Concentrations of As and Pb were above maximum permissible limits in both regions, while Ayegunle and Bida (in the northern region) had the highest concentrations of Cd. The high level of these toxic metals may be attributed to anthropogenic activities. It is therefore important that the Nigerian agricultural extension system emphasizes the dangers of heavy metal contamination in leafy vegetables to farmers. Activities of the manufacturing industries in the study area should be adequately monitored under standard environmental protection laws.     

城镇化与粮食生产技术效率的互动关系研究

城镇化和粮食生产在我国都占据着十分重要的地位,供给侧改革背景下如何提升粮食生产技术效率,促进城镇化和粮食生产的协调发展,具有十分重要的意义。文章以1998—2014年全国29个省(市、区)为研究对象,分别采用熵值法和DEA方法对城镇化指标体系和粮食生产技术效率指标体系进行了构建,其中,城镇化指标体系被细分为人口城镇化、土地城镇化和经济城镇化三个子系统,在此基础上采用面板协整方程、误差修正模型、脉冲响应方程和方差分解模型对城镇化和粮食生产技术效率之间的互动关系进行了分析。研究发现:(1)城镇化和粮食生产技术效率之间的长期均衡关系对短期的影响存在功能区差异。对于全国层面、粮食主产区以及粮食主销区,长期正面效应大于短期负面效应,对于粮食平衡区,长期正面效应小于短期正面效应。(2)总体来说,城镇化和粮食生产技术效率响应之间的变动为正,并逐渐趋向一个稳定的水平。(3)城镇化和粮食生产技术效率的预测方差受自身的冲击要更高,且二者对预测方差的贡献度呈现出区域差异。最后,提出要加强粮食生产的科技投入和资本投入,实施"藏粮于技"和"藏粮于地"策略,并加强对粮食生产领域的生态环境治理,提高粮食的可持续发展能力。此外,因地制宜制定合适的城镇化和粮食发展策略,适当引导和鼓励社会资本参与粮食生产项目和社会化服务建设,促进粮食产业的现代化。     

QSAR models for predicting the toxicity of halogenated phenols to Tetrahymena

Halogenated phenols are industrial pollutants which may cause serious damage to the environment. In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) and two three-dimensional (3D) quantitative structure–activity relationship models for the toxicity prediction of halogenated phenols in Tetrahymena were developed. The structural factors that mainly influence toxicity were explored, agreeing with previously reported data. The results obtained with the 3D model were in agreement with those obtained with the 2D model. According to our findings, several new molecules with different predicted activities were designed.     

多球面滑动摩擦隔震支座的设计原理和理论模型

介绍一种用于桥梁抗震的多球面滑动摩擦隔震支座,分析这种支座的设计原理,阐明其构造特点,分析了其工作机理和滑动隔震过程,并由此建立了该隔震支座的力—位移关系恢复力模型。理论分析表明,该支座除具备完善的减隔震支座所要求的功能之外,还构造简单、隔震机理清楚、数学物理模型明确,能够满足实际应用中简单性的要求。此外,该支座在不同强度的外部激励下,可以表现出不同的阻尼和刚度。并且具备单独优化性能,即该支座可以基于多性能目标或多水准地震,对于给定的桥梁隔震系统的各个参数分别进行优化。这两种特性使得该支座适合多水准地震动作用下,基于性能的隔震桥梁抗震设计。     

试论环境政治学的两大分支及其关系

环境政治学是培养环境人才的必要课程之一。通过探讨环境政治学的概念和研究对象,论述环境政治包括国内环境政治和国际环境政治这两个分支四个方面的联系。