密相塔半干法烟气脱硫塔内加湿降温及其对脱硫效率的影响

为了实现密相塔半干法脱硫工艺的精确加湿进一步提高系统脱硫效率,利用推导出的传热传质计算方法,得到烟气温度降低和加水量的关系.结合3组密相塔半干法工程实际数据,发现理论计算值和实测值误差区间仅为2.9％ ～5.4％.通过选取河北某钢厂210 m2烧结烟气密相塔半干法脱硫项目实际在线检测数据,发现循环脱硫灰含湿量为3％的系统脱硫效率整体高于含湿量为5％和4％的样品,最大值达93.56％.通过粒度分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射及差热-热重对2种不同含湿量的循环脱硫灰进行表征,结果表明,含湿量为3％的循环脱硫灰较含湿量为5％的样品粒径小、比表面积大,无团聚现象,物相分析还证实相对于含湿量为5％样品,其Ca(OH)2和结晶水含量少,几乎都是CaSO4和CaS03干态物质,因此脱硫反应进行彻底,脱硫效率较高.     

基于分布型电力系统的 PSO 优化设计

优化了传统粒子群算法,运用了混沌算法对粒子做初始化,优化了传统粒子群算法的收敛特性,并在算法的优化过程中,增加了混沌干扰元素对整体最优化极值做混沌干扰,将符合杂交几率的优化粒子做杂交处理,提高了粒子群的种类,增强了粒子群算法的搜寻水平。并通过IEEE33节点的分布型电力系统做无功优化仿真验证,通过比较,验证了优化算法的优越性与准确性。     

聚丙烯酰胺膨润土复合物的制备及其性能研究

采用盐酸对膨润土(BNT)进行酸活化改性,改性BNT再与氯化乙醇胺(EACl)进行阳离子交换反应,引入功能基团,得到胺化产物(ABNT-EACl).利用ABNT-EACl作为还原剂与Ce4 组成氧化还原引发体系,引发了丙烯酰胺(AM)单体的插层聚合得到了改性膨润土/聚丙烯酰胺无机/有机杂化物(ABNT/PAM).采用1H-NMR和FTIR对杂化物进行了结构表征,结果表明,杂化物中存在离子键合作用.通过实验对比研究了不同条件下的杂化物ABNT/PAM与普通絮凝剂处理工业印染废水的脱色效果,发现ABNT/PAM杂化物的效果优于普通絮凝剂.     

面源模式的通用算法探讨

提出了矩形面源扩散模拟计算的数值积分法和中心虚点源法,以及二者结合的综合法,并用算例进行了计算精度、计算速度和结果连续性的对比.结果表明:与传统的后置虚点源法及其改进算法——谷清经验法相比,该算法与理论真值的相对误差可从20%以上降低到3%以下,并且可以准确地反映风向和面源的形状,但在计算量上要增大十几倍到上百倍.对于任意不规则面源,提出了正方形分割算法,并对分割正方形的取舍采用简便的重心判断法,以准确方便地模拟其形状.综合运用笔者提出的适于机算的通用面源算法,对不同的计算任务权衡速度和精度采用合适的算法,可以处理各种气象条件下任意形状面源的扩散计算,并可取得理想的计算精度.      

等离子体与光催化耦合净化空气污染物研究现状

综合探讨了低温等离子体与光催化耦合这一新兴技术净化空气污染物的机理,讨论了影响耦合净化功能的主要因素以及臭氧的去除方法,介绍了该技术在去除挥发性有机物、氮氧化物、除菌等方面的研究现状,提出了其今后的研究方向。     

复合式膜生物反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水可行性试验

试验结果表明,以甲壳素为载体的复合式膜生物反应器,在进水氨氮浓度为2100mg/L,氨氮容积负荷为2.19kg/(m3.d)时,氨氮去除率接近100%,系统运行稳定。载体投加量为2.778g/L时,膜通量可维持在87%左右。     

新型单级A/O程序无回流复合膜生物反应器处理氨氮废水的试验

采用单级A/O程序复合膜生物反应器(HSMBR)处理高氨氮废水,研究在低DO浓度下系统对有机物、氨氮和总氮的去除效率。研究结果表明:在低DO浓度下,CODCr、氨氮的平均去除率分别为94.4%和92.8%。由于进水CODCr/TN值仅为2.01,则使得总氮平均去除率仅为69.4%,但是当系统亚硝化累积率从60.5%～67.1%提高到83.5%～86.4%时,系统总氮去除率提高了17.7%。另外,维持低DO浓度可以实现亚硝酸型同时硝化反硝化反应。     

基于遗传算法的生命线工程网络抗震优化设计

进行网络抗震可靠性分析的目的,不仅在于定量评价生命线工程网络系统的抗震性能,更重要的是利用这种分析工具指导网络抗震性能的优化设计。以无向边权网络系统为分析对象,分别以管网造价和系统抗震可靠度作为优化目标和约束条件,建立网络系统拓扑优化模型,利用递推分解算法作为网络系统抗震可靠性分析工具,并引入系统单元的灵敏度分析,采用遗传算法求解网络系统的拓扑优化问题,从而发展了一类工程网络抗震优化设计方法。实例分析结果表明,网络系统拓扑结构与系统可靠度之间有显著的正相关关系。     

Location selection of emergency supplies repositories for emergency logistics management: A variable weighted algorithm

With the development of the city, the number of establishments that are proposed or under construction is increasing year by year, and if they are industries that handle flammable, explosive, toxic, harmful, and dangerous substances, the public safety will face great threats, which will bring great challenges to emergency rescue work. Therefore, providing reasonable solutions to the problem of location selection of emergency supplies repositories are necessary for improving the emergency response efficiency in chemical industrial parks. A mathematical model for location selection of emergency supplies repositories in emergency logistics management are presented considering more actual factors. The optimization objectives of the model are to minimize total transport length and cost. And then a Variable Weighted Algorithm is designed to solve the model, where an auxiliary function was constructed with different methods of building weighting factors based on the theory and method of solving multi-objective optimization problems in operational research. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the models and algorithms presented in this paper.     

Research based on double coverage rate and reliability of gas detector layout optimization

The gas detector layout should be highly attuned to combustible gas leakage and attain a good reliability in avoiding detector malfunction, which is an important guarantee for the normal production of the chemical industry and other related enterprises. Herein, a gas detector layout optimization method based on double coverage and reliability is proposed. The key gas leakage monitoring area is determined through layout scene field investigation. To improve the detection probability and detection system reliability, the dual coverage target and voting mechanism are set, and the gas detector layout is determined with the ray-casting algorithm according to the coverage target. Combined with FLACS software to simulate a variety of typical leakage conditions under different layout scenarios, the relationship between the leaked gas concentration detected by gas detectors in each layout scheme and time is obtained, and the gas leakage detection probability in each layout scheme, number of detectors that can trigger the alarm, shortest time to trigger the alarm and reliability are comprehensively evaluated. The decision-maker selects the final gas detector layout plan according to the evaluation results and actual site needs. The study shows that the detection probability of each layout scheme set according to the double coverage is high, and multiple detectors can trigger the alarm (up to 100%), which ensures that the alarm can be triggered within 10 s under all applicable conditions. According to the evaluation results, the decision-maker can obtain a layout scheme that not only agrees with the actual site conditions but also attains a high detection probability, short detection time and strong reliability.