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911.
Holly H. Bennett Michael W. Mullen Paul M. Stewart James A. Sawyer E. Cliff Webber 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(1):43-51
ABSTRACT: Activities such as agriculture, silviculture, and mining contribute nonpoint pollution to Alabama's streams through polluted runoff and excessive sedimentation. Highly erodible soils characteristic of the Choctawhatchee‐Pea Rivers watershed, combined with intense rainfall and land use practices, contribute large amounts of sediment to streams. Biological monitoring can reflect the acute impacts of pollutants as well as prolonged effects of habitat alteration, and development of biological criteria is important for the establishment of enforceable laws regarding nonpoint source pollution. Macroinvertebrates were collected from 49 randomly selected sites from first through sixth‐order streams in the Choctawhatchee‐Pea Rivers watershed and were identified to genus level. Thirty‐eight candidate metrics were examined, and an invertebrate community index (ICI) was calibrated by eliminating metrics that failed to separate impaired from unimpaired streams. Each site was scored with those metrics, and narrative scores were assigned based on ICI scores. Least impacted sites scored significantly lower than sites impacted by row crop agriculture, cattle, and urban land uses. Conditions in the watershed suggest that the entire area has experienced degradation through past and current land use practices. An initial validation of the index was performed and is described. Additional evaluations of the index are in progress. 相似文献
912.
Microscale Spatial Variation in Forest Litter Phytotoxicity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The spatial variation (within a 100 × 100 m plot) in the pollution of forest litter with heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn), its acidity, and phytotoxicity (measured by the results of the root test using seedlings from a genetically homogeneous sample of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale s.l.) have been estimated. Forest litter has been sampled in three zones differing in the toxic impact of long-term polymetal pollution by emissions from a copper-smelting plant emissions in the Middle Urals. The phytotoxicity variation is maximum in a moderately polluted plot, where both very high and very low pollution levels were observed, which determines a substantially nonlinear dose–effect relationship. The litter phytotoxicity is mainly accounted for by exchangeable forms of metals. Biological testing of samples from the most polluted plot has demonstrated marked antagonism between heavy metals and acidity. 相似文献
913.
阐述了营造生物防火林带是阻隔林火蔓延、实现"绿色防火"的主要措施,对保障森林资源安全、减少森林灾害的损失将发挥积极作用. 相似文献
914.
有机固体废物生物法制氢的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综述了利用有机固体废物生物法制氢的原理和研究现状。城市有机固体废物、农业有机废物、工业有机废物是生物法制氢的主要原料。暗发酵制氢是利用有机废物厌氧消化的产酸阶段而产氢,pH、温度、水力停留时间、氢气分压、原料性质、微量元素含量、产甲烷微生物抑制剂等均影响氢气产率。光发酵制氢是利用光合厌氧细菌将挥发性有机酸转化为氢气和二氧化碳。暗发酵和光发酵制氢时,生物固定化有利于高速连续产氢。在有机废物处理和生物法制氢方面,暗发酵一光发酵、暗发酵一微生物燃料电池的组合工艺是具有前景的技术。今后的研究方向是原料的预处理技术、选育高效产氢菌株、发明高效反应器、优化处理工艺和处理条件等。 相似文献
915.
916.
胜利油田利用生化法处理含油泥砂研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胜利油田含油泥砂中含油量较高,直接进行生物降解处理的难度较大,操作周期长,费用高。先采用化学方法处理再进行生物处理,这样既可实现原油的资源化,又可降低费用,提高处理速度及处理效果。实验结果表明:化学处理方法能够将含油泥沙的含油量由51.1%降低至3.1%,原油回收率达到94%以上;再经过48h的生物处理,其含油量降到0.18%,达到了国家规定的无害化排放标准(<0.3%)。 相似文献
917.
Elena A. Zakharova Paul V. Kosterin Vitaly V. Brudnik Alexander A. Shcherbakov Alexander A. Ponomaryov Lubov F. Shcherbakova Vladimir G. Mandich Eugenii E. Fedorov Vladimir V. Ignatov 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2000,7(4):191-194
A plant-based bioremediation (phytoremediation) strategy has been developed and shown to be effective for the clean-up of
soil contaminated by the breakdown products of the chemical warfare agent (CWA), yperite. The method involves exploiting the
plant growth hormone, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), to intensify the phytoremediation. For determination of the yperite breakdown
products, gas chromatography is used.
Soil and plant samples were analysed with a gas chromatograph fitted with an atomic emission detector. The method of standard-free
determination was employed to identify sulphur-containing substances (SCSs). A series of soil tests was conducted, which showed
that the level of SCSs decreased 4, 8, and more than 20-fold compared with that found in contaminated soil. This decrease
was dependent upon the IAA concentrations used for plant treatment. The treated plants accumulated 2.7 to 2.9-fold larger
amounts of the SCSs than did the untreated plants. Owing to its simplicity, environmental safety and inexpensiveness, the
method can be recommended for the restoration of soil fertility in areas of storage and destruction of blister CWAs. 相似文献
918.
919.
SBR生化法处理有机磷农药废水 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用SBR生化法处理有机磷农药废水,生产规模试运行结果表明,SBR生化法具有装置结构简单、运转录活、操作方便、COD和有机磷去除率高等特点。 相似文献
920.