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931.
研究了曝气生物滤池处理模拟生活污水稳态运行时反应器内生物膜的形态特征、生物量和微生物的活性变化特征,分析了生物膜及微生物种群的空间变化规律.结果表明,曝气生物滤池的生物膜形态、颜色和厚度具有沿水流方向渐变的特点,而生物膜密度则在垂直方向上分布不均匀,靠近载体表面部分空隙较大;生物量沿水流方向出现逐步递减的趋势,生物膜活性变化呈现明显的倒“V”型特点;微生物种群组成多样,食物链长且相互交叉,系统营养结构复杂,高端营养级微生物种群所占比例较高,底物利用范围大,沿水流方向可形成不同代谢类型微生物的优势群落. 相似文献
932.
Some parameters, such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), chloramine residual, water temperature, and water residence time, were measured in drinking water from distribution systems in a northern city of China. The measurement results illustrate that when chloramine residual is more than 0.3 mg/L or AOC content is below 50μg/L, the biological stability of drinking water can be controlled.Both chloramine residual and AOC have a good relationship with Heterotrophic Plate Counts( HPC)(Iog value), the correlation coefficient was-0.64 and 0.33, respectively. By regression analysis of the survey data, a statistical equation is presented and it is concluded that disinfectant residual exerts the strongest influence on bacterial growth and AOC is a suitable index to assess the biological stability in the drinking water. 相似文献
933.
曝气生物滤池去除二级出水中的氨氮 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
用曝气生物滤池对二级出水进行深度处理,经过生物膜培养驯化、变负荷研究、稳定运行三个阶段,结果表明,二级出水中的氨氮能够有效去除,可以达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水体标准,满足电厂循环冷却水及人工景观用水等高级回用的要求。 相似文献
934.
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936.
937.
生物流化床处理垃圾渗滤液的硝化强化实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用厌氧/好氧/硝化耦合生物流化床反应器处理高浓度难降解垃圾渗滤液,通过摇瓶富集与开放体系扩大培养得到高浓度的硝化菌液,用于硝化生物流化床反应器的挂膜启动、驯化与动态运行实验。结果表明,扩培菌液中亚硝化细菌与硝化细菌的浓度分别达到9 .0×107 和3. 5×107 MPN/mL。硝化生物流化床的强化挂膜启动与驯化约历时30d,实际废水动态运行的结果显示,当进水垃圾渗滤液平均氨氮浓度为284 .4mg/L时,出水氨氮浓度为14. 3mg/L,达到了GB16889 1997一级排放标准,经过硝化生物强化的流化床反应器处理高浓度垃圾渗滤液的硝化速率高达28. 1gNH+4 N/m3·h,与未经生物强化的同类系统相比高出近1倍。 相似文献
938.
Clarifying values,risk perceptions,and attitudes to resolve or avoid social conflicts in invasive species management
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Rodrigo A. Estévez Christopher B. Anderson J. Cristobal Pizarro Mark A. Burgman 《Conservation biology》2015,29(1):19-30
Decision makers and researchers recognize the need to effectively confront the social dimensions and conflicts inherent to invasive species research and management. Yet, despite numerous contentious situations that have arisen, no systematic evaluation of the literature has examined the commonalities in the patterns and types of these emergent social issues. Using social and ecological keywords, we reviewed trends in the social dimensions of invasive species research and management and the sources and potential solutions to problems and conflicts that arise around invasive species. We integrated components of cognitive hierarchy theory and risk perceptions theory to provide a conceptual framework to identify, distinguish, and provide understanding of the driving factors underlying disputes associated with invasive species. In the ISI Web of Science database, we found 15,915 peer‐reviewed publications on biological invasions, 124 of which included social dimensions of this phenomenon. Of these 124, 28 studies described specific contentious situations. Social approaches to biological invasions have emerged largely in the last decade and have focused on both environmental social sciences and resource management. Despite being distributed in a range of journals, these 124 articles were concentrated mostly in ecology and conservation‐oriented outlets. We found that conflicts surrounding invasive species arose based largely on differences in value systems and to a lesser extent stakeholder and decision maker's risk perceptions. To confront or avoid such situations, we suggest integrating the plurality of environmental values into invasive species research and management via structured decision making techniques, which enhance effective risk communication that promotes trust and confidence between stakeholders and decision makers. Clarificar los Valores, Percepciones de Riesgo y Actitudes para Resolver o Evitar Conflictos Sociales en el Manejo de Especies Invasoras 相似文献
939.
Resolving whether botanic gardens are on the road to conservation or a pathway for plant invasions
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Philip E. Hulme 《Conservation biology》2015,29(3):816-824
A global conservation goal is to understand the pathways through which invasive species are introduced into new regions. Botanic gardens are a pathway for the introduction of invasive non‐native plants, but a quantitative assessment of the risks they pose has not been performed. I analyzed data on the living collections of over 3000 botanic gardens worldwide to quantify the temporal trend in the representation of non‐native species; the relative composition of threatened, ornamental, or invasive non‐native plant species; and the frequency with which botanic gardens implement procedures to address invasive species. While almost all of the world's worst invasive non‐native plants occurred in one or more living collections (99%), less than one‐quarter of red‐listed threatened species were cultivated (23%). Even when cultivated, individual threatened species occurred in few living collections (7.3), while non‐native species were on average grown in 6 times as many botanic gardens (44.3). As a result, a botanic garden could, on average, cultivate four times as many invasive non‐native species (20) as red‐listed threatened species (5). Although the risk posed by a single living collection is small, the probability of invasion increases with the number of botanic gardens within a region. Thus, while both the size of living collections and the proportion of non‐native species cultivated have declined during the 20th century, this reduction in risk is offset by the 10‐fold increase in the number of botanic gardens established worldwide. Unfortunately, botanic gardens rarely implement regional codes of conduct to prevent plant invasions, few have an invasive species policy, and there is limited monitoring of garden escapes. This lack of preparedness is of particular concern given the rapid increase in living collections worldwide since 1950, particularly in South America and Asia, and highlights past patterns of introduction will be a poor guide to determining future invasion risks. 相似文献
940.
The acceptable margin of error for the organic waste reactivity measured by the oxygen uptake method was assessed. Oxygen uptake was determined by the Dynamic Respiration Index (DRI) (mgO2/kgVS h). The composed uncertainty (uC) of the experimental set up used for the DRI test was evaluated and the uncertainty (u) of all the components of the apparatus was evaluated. A procedure for calculating the uC of the apparatus is proposed. The components affecting the uC of the DRI to a more significant extent were the one of the oxygen mass rate and the u of the amount of VS in the sample analyzed. For a confidence level of 99.73%, the extended uC (UC) interval for a DRI = 1024 mgO2/kgVS h was ±440 mgO2/kgVS h, whereas for a DRI = 3489 mgO2/kgVS h, the UC interval was ±1288 mgO2/kgVS h. When oxygen consumption and VS content become lower than 600 mgO2/h and 0.9 kg, respectively, the UC interval is similar to the measured DRI. 相似文献