旅游景区周边环境及范围界定

随着旅游业的快速发展和城镇现代化的推进,旅游景区周边涌现出了许多与景区不协调的问题。同时,随着社会的进步,旅游者对景区所处背景环境的要求和标准却在逐步提高,旅游者对景区的观赏已不仅仅局限于景区内将景区作为一个孤立点对待,因此将旅游资源圈起来进行封闭式开发而忽视周边环境与景区完整性的做法已不能适应游客越来越挑剔的目光。提出了旅游景区周边环境的概念,指出周边环境与旅游景区有密切的关系,是旅游景区的组成部分。论述了周边环境的特征,在此基础上进行了周边环境分类,同时基于规划和评价的实际需要,建议在今后旅游规划中应专门对周边环境进行保护整治规划。认为周边环境应有较确切的地理空间范围,据此提出了确定旅游景区周边环境范围的方法。〖     

菜地氨氧化微生物驱动的N2O和NO对有机无机肥配施的响应

氨氧化细菌（AOB）和氨氧化古菌（AOA）是驱动土壤氨氧化过程的"引擎".氨氧化过程在土壤氧化亚氮（N₂O）和一氧化氮（NO）排放过程中扮演着重要角色.有机无机肥配施是实现化肥零增长和作物稳产增产的重要途径，但在有机无机肥配施下，菜地土壤AOB和AOA对氨氧化过程的相对贡献仍不清楚.本研究采用选择性抑制的方法（辛炔和乙炔）区分有机肥添加近3年后（2016年10月—2019年5月）AOB和AOA在氨氧化过程中对碱性菜地土壤N₂O和NO产生的相对贡献.试验共设5种施肥处理：不施氮肥（CK）、单施尿素（N）、单施有机肥（M）、50%尿素+50%有机肥（M1N1）和80%尿素+20%有机肥（M1N4）.结果表明，有机无机肥配施（M1N1和M1N4）可显著增加土壤电导率、有机碳和全氮含量.培养试验发现，与N处理相比，M和M1N1处理分别使N₂O排放量增加100.7%和38.8%，NO排放量增加77.9%和42.8%，AOB基因丰度增加16.6%和10.2%，同时，AOB对N₂O排放的相对贡献增加6.5%.相反，M1N4处理分别使N₂O和NO排放量降低19.3%和4.8%，AOB基因丰度降低37.5%，同时，AOB对N₂O及NO排放的相对贡献分别降低7.8%和7.4%.相关分析表明，土壤N₂O和NO累积排放量与土壤AOB基因丰度呈显著正相关（p<0.05），与土壤AOA基因丰度无显著相关性.有机无机肥配施下AOB是氨氧化过程的主要驱动者，适当比例的有机无机肥配施（即M1N4）措施可在一定程度上减弱AOB对碱性菜地土壤N₂O及NO排放的相对贡献.     

飞机实验室风吹雨气候环境试验技术研究

为了解决目前飞机整机风吹雨试验只能在外场自然环境条件下进行,试验周期长,费用大的难题,研究飞机实验室风吹雨试验技术。通过研究飞机遭遇极端气候风吹雨引起的环境效应,基于气候环境实验室风吹雨试验环境条件的建设能力,借鉴国内外相关环境试验标准以及国外飞机气候环境试验经验。规划了飞机整机实验室风吹雨试验项目和试验顺序,设计了飞机实验室风吹雨试验方法,总结了试验需要检测及评估的范畴。为飞机实验室风吹雨试验的实施提供技术参考。     

小流域土地利用结构对氮素输出的影响

以丹江口库区的胡家山小流域为研究区,以资源二号卫星影像图为底图,通过实地调查获取胡家山小流域土地利用图,利用ArcGIS的水文模拟、空间分析模块提取15个集水区,并分析其土地利用结构.根据2008年1～12月各个集水区的出口的总氮、硝态氮浓度的监测数据,定量地分析土地利用结构对氮素输出时空变化的影响.结果表明,胡家山小流域内旱地、居民地对氮素输出起显著源作用,与TN、NO-3-N的Pearson相关系数分别为0.869、0.856和0.826、0.867.林地、疏林地、草地等对氮素输出起汇作用,其中林地、草地汇作用显著,与TN、NO-3-N的Pearson相关系数分别为-0.820、-0.851和-0.602、-0.518.土地利用结构是氮素输出空间变化的关键因素,土地利用类型的空间分布使得汇土地利用类型旱地、居民地对小流域氮素输出影响最大;在不同时间尺度上,土地利用结构对氮素输出浓度影响有所不同.年度上,对氮素输出影响最大的是旱地,季节上,春、夏、秋、冬四季对氮素输出影响最大的分别是旱地、居民地、居民地、旱地;土地利用结构对氮素输出浓度的影响受到降雨、气温、人为等因素的作用.     

场地污染监测预警与决策一体化系统的设计与实现

通过分析我国相关场地污染现状和需求,设计了场地污染监测预警与决策一体化系统,利用物联网设备实时监测采集污染数据,并通过数据传输技术SignalR进行数据传输,再使用三维地理框架Cesium反映监测区域的污染情况,保证对污染处理响应的实时性和高效性,指出三维虚拟地理技术与大数据、物联网技术结合是系统的发展方向。     

广东一饮用水源地河流沉积物及鱼体中氟喹诺酮类(FQs)抗生素残留特征研究

本研究对广东一饮用水源保护区的河流氟喹诺酮类(Fluoroquinolones,FQs)抗生素进行分析.采用高效液相色谱法定性定量分析9个沉积物样品和5种鱼肉及1种鱼内脏中3种FQs—诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin,NOR)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin,CIP)、恩诺沙星(Enrofloxacin,ENR)的残留特征,并与沉积物中有机质、总氮、总磷进行Person相关性分析.结果表明:河流沉积物各点平均值NORCIPENR,最大含量分别为:NOR248.25 ng·g-1,CIP 158.69 ng·g-1,ENR 56.81 ng·g-1;FQs和沉积物有机质、总磷相关系数平均为0.946、0.968(p0.01);5种鱼的鱼肉中FQs的含量可能高于或低于沉积物中FQs含量均值;鳙鱼内脏FQs含量是鱼肉中的3.21~9.53倍.研究结果对保障饮用水安全及水产品生态安全具有重要的意义.     

铝、铁共聚作用的化学特征及晶貌研究

通过对铝，铁水解共聚物的合成制备及其水解共聚合过程电位滴定的研究，并通过扫描电镜对其共聚物样品的晶貌观测，ｎＡｌ／ｎＦｅ的点能谱及结构组成的红外光谱测定，对铝铁共聚作用的化学特征及其晶形貌象，共聚作用进行了研究及讨论，为深入研究铝无机共聚溶液体系化学形态组成及其絮凝剂的提供了的基础实验依据。     

“Science is Everywhere,but No One Knows It”: Assessing the Cultural Distance to Science of Rural South African Publics

ABSTRACT

In science communication, a prerequisite for reaching different parts of a society is to find out how these publics experience and interpret science. Since rural South African publics are perceived to exhibit a large cultural distance to science, the present exploratory study aimed to know in more detail how rural South Africans perceive and understand science in their local and social contexts. Theoretical notions on cultural distance and the methodological approach of segmentation studies were considered. Semi-structured interviews with rural South Africans were carried out in four towns (n?=?52) that differ with respect to having a large scientific installation in their vicinity, or not. Sensitively comparing local and social contexts helped identifying three different publics who differed regarding their perceptions of science; however, the large scientific installations only made a difference in perceptions for those publics who were generally less exposed to and less knowledgeable about science.     

Indonesia’s Accidental Island: Composing the Environment in the Echo of Disaster

By presenting stakeholders’ competing representations of an extraordinary geological formation, an island with a surface that is comprised of runoff from an infamous mud volcano in East Java, this article explores the communicative openings and closures that arise during an environmental disaster. A particular concern is attuning communicative practices to the diverse human and nonhuman actors that not only produce disasters but also shape our understandings and responses to disasters. Drawing on the work of Bruno Latour, this article suggests that non-anthropocentric modes of inquiry present new communicative and political possibilities for pursuing both social justice and safe environments. While this article focuses on a specific set of incidents in Indonesia, this project develops tools and perspectives that can be applied to environmental conflicts at other places.     

Challenges for modelling and integrating environmental performances in concept design: the case of an automotive component lightweighting

The objective of this paper is to discuss the main barriers for modelling and integrating the environmental performances in the automotive concept design. Incorporating environmental assessment in the early design phase of a vehicle component is known as an important challenge that car makers need to face in order to develop more sustainable design solutions; in this regard, the Life Cycle Assessment is the most widespread methodology for the environmental assessment and comparison of alternatives. The present work illustrates the combination of such methodology with the traditional design procedure at two different levels of the component design phase, material choice and concept design. In particular, the potential benefits originated by a lightweight solution for the automotive component Throttle Body are evaluated by considering environmental and technical implications at the same level. The case study shows that a multi-disciplinary approach for design effectively allows the integration of the environmental issue in the company’s established procedures. However, interpretation of results is still a challenging aspect due to the inevitable contradicting elements which should not discourage to develop comprehensive sustainability assessment within the early design stage.