上流式厌氧氨氧化反应器氮负荷提升过程中的运行性状

接种厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation,ANAMMOX)颗粒污泥至上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket,UASB),并控制进水NO_3~--N/NO_2~--N质量比为1∶1。在(33±1)℃下,通过研究不同进水总氮质量浓度(200 mg/L、400mg/L、600 mg/L)和水力停留时间(12 h、8 h、6 h、4 h)下的脱氮效能、污泥形态及微生物群落结构,多维分析上流式ANAMMOX反应器氮负荷提升过程中的运行性状。结果表明,在进水NO_3~--N和NO_2~--N质量浓度均为200 mg/L、总氮质量浓度为400 mg/L、水力停留时间为6h的运行工况下反应器可获得最佳处理效能,NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N和总氮去除负荷分别达到0.76 kg N/(m3·d)、0.75 kg N/(m3·d)和1.32kg N/(m3·d),三者去除率分别为95.0%、93.8%和82.5%。氮负荷提升过程中的污泥形态和微生物群落结构动态变化显示,相较于水力停留时间的缩短,进水总氮质量浓度增加对上流式ANAMMOX反应器运行过程的影响更为显著,其不仅导致了颗粒污泥解聚,还显著降低了微生物种群的多样性和均匀度。核酸测序结果表明,反应器中分布着3种潜在的ANAMMOX优势功能菌,且三者丰度会随进水总氮质量浓度增加而发生明显演替。研究表明,在上流式ANAMMOX反应器氮负荷提升过程中,进水总氮浓度的控制更为关键。     

基于多组并联控制的高层建筑遇险循环链梯研究

为了解决居住在高层建筑中的人们遇险后安全疏散的问题,研究出一种新颖的无动力链梯逃逸系统。在没有电力资源的情况下,既要解决循环链梯缓降速度,实现平滑控制的问题,又要解决系统长期处于闲置状态,而不影响其可靠性的问题。提出了循环链梯缓降速度多组并联控制的方案;采用液压式并联控制机构,很好地解决了链梯缓降速度的平滑控制及其可靠性的问题;并成功地研制出循环链梯的试验装置,经实际的性能测试表明,具有启动负荷小、运行平稳、工作可靠的特点。     

IMPACT OF VARIED DATA RESOLUTION ON HYDRAULIC MODELING AND FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION1

ABSTRACT: Current data collection technologies such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) produce dense digital terrain data that result in more accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) for engineering applications. However, such data are redundant and often cumbersome for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling purposes. Data filtering provides a means of eliminating redundant points and facilitates model preparation. This paper demonstrates the impact of varied data resolution on a case study completed for a 2.3 mi² area with mild slopes (about 001 ft/ft) along Leith Creek near Laurinburg, North Carolina. For the original data set and seven filtered data sets, filtering induced changes in elevation, area, and hydraulic radius were determined for 10 water depths at 23 cross sections. Water surface elevations resulting from HEC‐RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center‐River Analysis System) models for each data set were then compared. A hydraulic model sensitivity analysis was also conducted to compare filtering error to error introduced by variation in flow rates and roughness values. Finally, automated floodplain delineation was performed for each filter level based on the computed hydraulic model results and the filtered LIDAR elevations. Data filtering results indicate that significant time savings are achieved throughout the modeling process and that filtering to four degrees can be performed without compromising cross‐sectional geometry, hydraulic model results, or floodplain delineation results.     

BANKFULL HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND RECURRENCE INTERVALS FOR NORTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL PLAIN1

ABSTRACT: Bank full hydraulic geometry relationships relate stream channel geometry to watershed size for specific physiographic regions. This paper presents bank full hydraulic geometry relationships and recurrence intervals for the Southeastern Plain coercion and the flat woods subtype of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregion found within North Carolina's Coastal Plain physiographic province. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal survey data from gated and unpaged streams were used to compute channel dimension and profile information. Power functions were developed, relating drainage area to bank full discharge, cross‐sectional area, width, and mean depth. Recurrence intervals of bank full events were estimated from gagged streams using both a Log‐Pearson Type III distribution of peak annual discharge and a partial‐duration series of average daily discharge. Results from both methods indicate that average bank full recurrence intervals for the study area are below one year. Determinations of recurrence intervals by the Log‐Pearson Type III distribution were for the most part inconclusive (less than one year), while a partial duration series estimated a 0.19 year average, ranging from 0.11 to 0.31 years.     

含氮杂环化合物环境参数及生物活性的QSAR研究

定义了原子的价点价值δi，由δ1^Y构建了新的分子结构信息价连接性拓扑指数mX^Y(m=0,1,2,…，n)，并计算了13种含氮杂环化合物的mX^Y(m=0，1，2，3)值，发现mX…Y与含氮杂环化合物的水溶解度、正辛醇／水分配系数和对发光菌、大型蚤的毒性有良好的相关性。与其他的指数相比较，新指数结构选择性和相关性好，且新方法还具有计算值简单，物理意义明确等优点。并对-lgEC50=α2 b2^0X^Y b3^1X^Y模型采用Jackknife法予以检验，具有总体稳健性。     

小江流域第四纪泥石流期的初步划分

本文就１０Ｅ１级３０００Ｖ ＤＣ电力机车的润滑和齿轮磨损进行了探讨，并对探查润滑故障和齿轮磨损可能的引发原因作了归类。为了理解摩擦学理论，文中的第一部分是作者作的文献研究，第二部分论述的是对有问题范围所进行的探查。作者在文中还试图钭这两部分有机地联系起来。     

树皮填料补充碳源人工湿地脱氮初步试验研究

人工湿地可应用于城市污水厂出水深度处理和农业污染治理,但反硝化碳源不足问题制约了其脱氮能力.本试验利用树皮作为垂直流人工湿地强化反硝化脱氮填料,分析了水力负荷、硝酸盐负荷以及pH对人工湿地脱氮效果的影响.结果表明,人工湿地可以达到预期的反硝化水平,反硝化速率随水力负荷、硝酸盐负荷的增加而增大,去除率随两者的增加而减小,...     

HBR反应器处理畜禽养殖废水实验研究

文章将好氧工艺应用到压氧折流扳反应器中形成新型的复合折流板反应器(HBR),研究了HBR反应器对畜禽养殖废水COD和NH4+-N的去除效果,考察了反应器的挂膜性能、水力停留时间的影响和各个格室的去除效果、实验结果表明,HBR反应器对畜禽养殖废水具有较好的处理效果,在进水COD浓度、NF4+-N浓度和水力停留时间分别为9...     

山区河流中水利工程下游最小生态需水量计算——以湖北神农架林区长坊二级水库电站为例

主要从保护河流水生生物栖息地出发,探讨山区河流生态需水量问题。文章运用Tennant法、湿周法和以河流上游某断面50%保证率的年平均流量的30%计算方法,对湖北省神农架林区长坊二级水库电站工程坝址下游最小生态需水量,进行计算、比较分析,提出其最小生态需水量为0.22m3/s,为该水电站工程环境影响评价及科学运行提供依据。