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941.
942.
Cornelis A.M. van Gestel Josée E. Koolhaas Maarten van Hoppe Cora Korsman 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(3):895-903
Effects on earthworms in the contaminated floodplain area the Biesbosch, the Netherlands, were determined at different levels of organization using a combination of field and laboratory tests. The species Lumbricus rubellus, collected from different polluted sites in the Biesbosch, showed reduced values for the biomarker neutral red retention time (NRRT), mainly explained by high metal concentrations in the soil and the resulting high internal copper concentrations in the earthworms. Organic pollutant levels in earthworms were low and did not explain reduced NRRTs. Earthworm abundance and biomass were not correlated with pollutant levels in the soil. Litterbag decomposition and bait-lamina feeding activity, measures of the functional role of earthworms, were not affected by metal pollution and did not show any correlation with metal concentrations in soil or earthworms nor with NRRT. Effects at the biochemical level therefore did not result in a reduced functioning of earthworm communities. 相似文献
943.
944.
Katherine Skalak James Pizzuto David D. Hart 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(1):97-109
Abstract: We evaluate the effects of small dams (11 of 15 sites less than 4 m high) on downstream channels at 15 sites in Maryland and Pennsylvania by using a reach upstream of the reservoir at each site to represent the downstream reach before dam construction. A semi‐quantitative geomorphic characterization demonstrates that upstream reaches occupy similar geomorphic settings as downstream reaches. Survey data indicate that dams have had no measurable influence on the water surface slope, width, and the percentages of exposed bedrock or boulders on the streambed. The median grain diameter (D50) is increased slightly by dam construction, but D50 remains within the pebble size class. The percentage of sand and silt and clay on the bed averages about 35% before dam construction, but typically decreases to around 20% after dam construction. The presence of the dam has therefore only influenced the fraction of finer‐grained sediment on the bed, and has not caused other measurable changes in fluvial morphology. The absence of measurable geomorphic change from dam impacts is explicable given the extent of geologic control at these study sites. We speculate that potential changes that could have been induced by dam construction have been resisted by inerodible bedrock, relatively immobile boulders, well‐vegetated and cohesive banks, and low rates of bed material supply and transport. If the dams of our study are removed, we argue that long‐term changes (those that remain after a period of transient adjustment) will be limited to increases in the percentage of sand and silt and clay on the bed. Thus, dam removal in streams similar to those of our study area should not result in significant long‐term geomorphic changes. 相似文献
945.
946.
947.
OGO工艺处理城市污水的脱氮除磷效能与水力特性的试验研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在OCO反应器的基础上改进得到了OGO反应器.在反应器改进前后脱氮除磷效能对比试验的基础上,进行了反应器水力特性的试验研究.城市污水对比试验研究结果表明,OGO工艺较改进前具有更为稳定、良好的生物同时脱氮除磷效果,工艺出水的平均值COD为22mg·L-1、NH4 -N为4.8mg·L-1、TN为11.2 mg·L-1、TP为0.80mg·L-1.反应器流态特征的试验结果表明,改进后形成的OGO反应器内,缺氧环区形成了良好的DO浓度梯度分布,且OGO反应器内推流流态所占比例从改进前的5.9%提高到改进后的12.9%,有效提高了反应器内推流流态的容积利用率和反应器效率.同时,反应器改进后能明显改善混合区水力条件,并有效避免了混合区内侧液流涡旋停滞造成的污泥沉积问题. 相似文献
948.
湖库富营养化敏感分级水动力概率参数研究 总被引:4,自引:6,他引:4
鉴于按多年平均流量估计滞留时间进行富营养化敏感程度分类较为粗糙,在月平均尺度上,考虑径流量的概率分布,提出了滞留率、缓流率、倒灌保证率等新的水动力概率参数反映水体动力特征,使水体富营养化敏感程度的识别及分级建立在考虑年内变化及多年变化的基础之上,使之在敏感分级上有更高的分辨率.并以三峡水库为实例,进行了不同支流的水体水动力概率参数的计算.结果显示,不同支流水体间的敏感水动力概率参数有明显差别,依据水动力条件等因素对水体富营养化控制实施差别化管理是必要的. 相似文献
949.
Lucie Bartoov Bohumr ech Lucie Ruppenthalov Vendula Majvelderov Dagmar Juchelkov Zdenk Klika 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(9):1624-1629
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether unburned carbon particles present in fly ash can help in the retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Se, Cu, Ni, Zn, Ga, Ge, Rb, and Pb out of flue gas during the coal combustion at fluidised-bed power station where the coal was combusted along with limestone. The competitive influence of 10%-25% CaO in fly ashes on the distribution of studied elements was studied as well to be clear which factor governs behaviour of studied elements. Except of S (with significant association with CaO) and Rb and Pb (with major affinity to Al2O3) the statistically significant and positive correlation coefficients were calculated for the relations between unburned carbon content and Br (0.959), Cl (0.957), Cu (0.916), Se (0.898), Ni (0.866), As (0.861), Zn (0.742), Ge (0.717), and Ga (0.588) content. The results suggest that the unburned carbon is promising material in terms of flue gas cleaning even if contained in highly calcareous fly ashes. 相似文献
950.
入库河流输入对密云水库磷滞留过程的影响分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
上游河流输入是密云水库磷最主要的来源,目前多数研究集中在对输入负荷的估算上,但分析其对库区总磷负荷影响的研究并不多见.本文估算了2002—2011年间总磷的出、入库质量负荷,并分析了其对库区磷滞留量、滞留率和内源释放的影响.结果表明,密云水库TP入库浓度和负荷都呈现逐年降低趋势,并主要受流量的影响.出库和库区内TP负荷基本稳定,而滞留量的变化趋势与河流入库输入一致.库区TP年均滞留率达到61.4%.与许多研究结果不同的是,因密云水库大集水面积、高水位和低流量的库区特征,总磷滞留率受水力负荷和水力滞留时间的影响不大,主要决定于河流入库负荷.另外,入库负荷的降低也可能促进底泥磷的释放.因此,控制上游TP负荷输入是降低库区TP滞留量最根本的措施,但因底泥释放补给,在短时间内库区内磷含量不会出现明显降低. 相似文献