土建结构振动控制研究进展

介绍了结构控制研究的任务、主要的减振装置、结构的主动控制和被动控制、结构的开环和闭环控制及其相应的算法;对土建结构控制研究的进展进行了综述,并列举了土建结构振动控制的工程应用实例;对土建结构控制研究的内容、研究方法和研究队伍等提出了建议。     

THE ROLE OF MINIMUM VARIANCE THEORY IN DEFINING THE REGIME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LOWER NAMOI-GWYDIR DRAINAGE BASIN1

ABSTRACT: While minimum variance theory appears to offer an explanation for the hydraulic behaviour and regularity among channel systems it is not entirely successful in predicting the regime of a channel system. In the case of the Namoi-Gwydir river system the hydraulic variables velocity, depth, width, slope, friction, and shear appear to govern the behaviour and, hence regime of the channels. The significance of sediment load in determining regime could not be assessed.     

A CATALYST FOR REGIONALIZATION OF RURAL WATER SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: The National Regulatory Research Institute has recommended the merger of small rural water districts in the United States. Success at bringing about merger of these districts, which contain fewer than 3,500 customers, has been highly limited. The subject of this paper is a demonstration project that may act as a catalyst to achieve the desired goal of regionalization. A computerized hydraulic data management program (CHDMP) was developed for a case study in Nelson County, Kentucky. University professors, graduate students, and two water utilities’ staffs cooperated in network analysis employing computer hardware and software. The utilities’ staffs were taught the science and technology of hydraulic model preparation, simulation, and analysis for the case study distribution systems. As an integrated system, the model contained 294 pipes, 234 nodes, six pumps, and 11 tanks. Each utility's problem areas were identified and some of the individual and mutual benefits of hydraulic planning were illustrated. A dialogue resulted between the managers. Each manager described his goals and agreed that, although political merger was not feasible at the present time, future economic factors could be a definite influence in reversing that decision.     

Structural equation modelling of lower back pain due to whole-body vibration exposure in the construction industry

Whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure is a health hazard among workers, causing lower back pain (LBP) in the construction industry. This study examines key factors affecting LBP due to WBV exposure using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. The results confirm five key factors (equipment, job related, organizational, personal, social context) with their 17 associated items. The organizational factor is found the most important, as it influences the other four factors. The results also show that appropriate seat type, specific training programme, job rotation, workers’ satisfaction and workers’ physical condition are crucial in reducing LBP due to WBV exposure. Moreover, provision of new machines without proper training and good working condition might not help reduce LBP due to WBV exposure. The results help the construction companies to better understand key factors affecting LBP due to WBV exposure, and to plan for a better health improvement programme.     

IMPACT OF VARIED DATA RESOLUTION ON HYDRAULIC MODELING AND FLOODPLAIN DELINEATION1

ABSTRACT: Current data collection technologies such as light detection and ranging (LIDAR) produce dense digital terrain data that result in more accurate digital terrain models (DTMs) for engineering applications. However, such data are redundant and often cumbersome for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling purposes. Data filtering provides a means of eliminating redundant points and facilitates model preparation. This paper demonstrates the impact of varied data resolution on a case study completed for a 2.3 mi² area with mild slopes (about 001 ft/ft) along Leith Creek near Laurinburg, North Carolina. For the original data set and seven filtered data sets, filtering induced changes in elevation, area, and hydraulic radius were determined for 10 water depths at 23 cross sections. Water surface elevations resulting from HEC‐RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center‐River Analysis System) models for each data set were then compared. A hydraulic model sensitivity analysis was also conducted to compare filtering error to error introduced by variation in flow rates and roughness values. Finally, automated floodplain delineation was performed for each filter level based on the computed hydraulic model results and the filtered LIDAR elevations. Data filtering results indicate that significant time savings are achieved throughout the modeling process and that filtering to four degrees can be performed without compromising cross‐sectional geometry, hydraulic model results, or floodplain delineation results.     

BANKFULL HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY RELATIONSHIPS AND RECURRENCE INTERVALS FOR NORTH CAROLINA'S COASTAL PLAIN1

ABSTRACT: Bank full hydraulic geometry relationships relate stream channel geometry to watershed size for specific physiographic regions. This paper presents bank full hydraulic geometry relationships and recurrence intervals for the Southeastern Plain coercion and the flat woods subtype of the Middle Atlantic Coastal Plain ecoregion found within North Carolina's Coastal Plain physiographic province. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal survey data from gated and unpaged streams were used to compute channel dimension and profile information. Power functions were developed, relating drainage area to bank full discharge, cross‐sectional area, width, and mean depth. Recurrence intervals of bank full events were estimated from gagged streams using both a Log‐Pearson Type III distribution of peak annual discharge and a partial‐duration series of average daily discharge. Results from both methods indicate that average bank full recurrence intervals for the study area are below one year. Determinations of recurrence intervals by the Log‐Pearson Type III distribution were for the most part inconclusive (less than one year), while a partial duration series estimated a 0.19 year average, ranging from 0.11 to 0.31 years.     

近海环境高架段组合道床系统隔振性能跟踪分析

目的 针对北部沿海地区高架段组合道床隔振系统进行跟踪测试研究,研究分析组合道床系统在近海环境下历经4a前后的轨道动态变形和隔振性能分析。方法 采用试验法对普通道床和组合道床的钢轨、道床进行动态变形和振动分析,分别计算出动态变形量及隔振量。结果 相对于普通道床,组合道床钢轨相对于基础的垂向平均变形为3.63～3.72 mm,符合相关技术规范的4 mm安全要求。高架线组合道床在运营4 a后,隔振量变化率为1.88%,表明组合道床在近海环境下具有稳定的隔振性能。结论 组合道床系统仍具有较好的且相对一致的安全性和隔振效果。     

煤岩水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展特征的试验研究

为研究水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展的特征,在不同应力条件下开展了钻孔水力压裂试验,测试分析了钻孔压裂段孔壁变形的规律.结果表明:在水压作用下,压裂段孔壁应变较为明显,存在拉伸和压缩2种类型,根据与水压的对应关系,2种应变曲线可分为4个发展阶段,即压裂管路排气阶段(应变小幅波动)、水压上升阶段(应变快速增加)、起裂延伸阶段(应变缓慢变化)和闭合阶段(应变急剧降低),其中压裂管路排气阶段对压缩应变的影响较小;拉伸应变的残余变形明显大于压缩变形,但压缩应变曲线与水压变化存在较好的一致性;孔壁应变是孔壁在水压作用下裂缝形成和扩展过程的表现.     

铁路桥梁段环境振动分频段预测方法

针对铁路环境振动,在考虑振动频率对振动传播衰减的影响下,将桥梁荷载视为点列式荷载,提出适合桥梁段环境振动的分频段预测方法.为考察该方法在铁路桥梁段环境振动预测中的适用性,分别采用该方法和现行的铁路环境振动常用预测方法对成灌快速铁路某桥梁段10～40 m范围内的地面环境振动进行预测,并将两种方法的预测结果与实测结果进行对比.结果表明,铁路桥梁段环境振动分频段预测方法在实际桥梁段环境振动预测中能够取得很好的预测效果,且相对于现行铁路环境振动的常用预测方法,其预测精度更高.