Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in water by ozone-hydrogen peroxide process

IntroductionAt present, several types of organic pollutantsreferred to as environmental endocrine disruptors(ED) have been suggested to be associated withabnormal sexual development (Hu, 2000). It wasreported that the ED led to the decline of reproductive…     

碎屑沉积物地球化学:物源属性、构造环境和影响因素

碎屑沉积物记录着有关源岩性质和构造演化等诸多重要的信息,对于沉积盆地分析和理解区域构造演化都有重要的指示意义。近年来碎屑沉积物地球化学的研究有了很大进展,尤其是同位素年代学在沉积物地球化学中的应用,如造山带前陆盆地、山间盆地沉积物的同位素年代学的研究可以有效地反演造山带隆升-剥蚀作用与盆地沉降之间的联系,为地壳演化和造山带隆升等地质过程提供了重要的地球化学证据。文章结合近几年来的研究实例,综述了沉积物地球化学方法在物源示踪和源区构造背景判别研究的一些进展。考虑到碎屑沉积物地球化学组成是源岩、风化作用、沉积循环、成岩作用和分选作用等综合作用的结果,我们对其中的主要影响因素进行了分析,指出了当前广泛应用的物源和构造背景判别图解需要注意的一些问题。     

同位素及其在环境科学中的应用

介绍了同位索的一些基本概念,同位案在水循环、测定地下水年龄、判别地下水来源及古气候、古环境研究等领域中的应用．同时阐述了我国同位索水文学的发展现状、存在的问题及研究方向。     

高压储氢系统泄漏爆炸事故的动力学演化

为研究燃料氢气泄漏、爆炸的特性和规律,预防高压储氢系统中氢气泄漏爆炸事故发生,以加氢站为背景,数值仿真45 MPa高压储罐氢气泄漏并引发爆炸事故,分析泄漏爆炸动力学性质以及爆炸波在非均匀氢气浓度中的传播机制。同时,基于泄漏爆炸事故演化的力学机理,开展氢气泄漏爆炸动态风险分析,针对氢气不同泄漏量,建立泄漏扩散形成的气云体积、气云爆炸产生的冲击波与空间x,z方向上危害距离之间关系。研究结果表明：氢气泄漏过程中,气云氢气浓度变化与流场雷诺数具有较好一致性;氢气扩散受到高压储氢罐周围装置影响,流场中氢气浓度分布不均匀;当发生燃烧爆炸事故时,冲击波参数和湍动能变化梯度大;得到复杂布局区域冲击波超压峰值与比例距离之间关系式,其相比于理论方法更精细、计算结果更准确。研究结果可为降低高压储氢系统泄漏爆炸事故后果、采取有效防护措施提供一定依据。     

拉萨河夏季氢氧同位素空间分布特征及分析

稳定同位素示踪技术是河流水文过程研究的重要方式,可以用来判定河流补给的来源、研究河流与其它水体相互作用、示踪水文循环过程等.本文采用TC/EA-IRMS分析法对拉萨河水体的氢氧同位素进行测定,分析了 δD和δ18O的含量及空间分布特征,并分析了拉萨河的同位素效应,包括与大气降水氢氧同位素的关系、氢氧同位素的沿程变化特征...     

石油化工企业含苯胺消防污水处理技术研究

针对石油化工企业含苯胺的消防污水,利用基于过氧化氢和氯化铁为氧化剂的深度氧化技术,通过氧化、絮凝、过滤和吸附对消防污水进行处理。实验确定氧化剂的投加量为理论投加量,氧化时间1.0h,消防污水pH值为6.86时,絮凝剂最佳使用浓度约为2%,消防污水中苯胺和COD去除率达到99.5%以上,达到了消防污水处理效果。     

Backwater Confluences of the Ohio River: Organic and Inorganic Fingerprints Explain Sediment Dynamics in Wetlands and Marinas

In the Ohio River (OR), backwater confluence sedimentation dynamics are understudied, however, these river features are expected to be influential on the system’s ecological and economic function when integrated along the river’s length. In the following paper, we test the efficacy of organic and inorganic tracers for sediment fingerprinting in backwater confluences; we use fingerprinting results to evidence sediment dynamics controlling deposition patterns in confluences used for wetland and marina functions; and we quantify the spatial extent of tributary drainages with wetland and marina features in OR confluences. Both organic and inorganic tracers statistically differentiate sediment from stream and river end‐members. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes produce greater uncertainty in fingerprinting results than inorganic elemental tracers. Uncertainty analysis of the nonconservative tracer term in the organic matter fingerprinting application estimates an apparent enrichment of the carbon stable isotopes during instream residence, and the nonconservativeness is quantified with a statistical approach unique to the fingerprinting literature. Wetland and marina features in OR confluences impact 42% and 11% of tributary drainage areas, respectively. Sediment dynamics show wetland and marina confluences experience deposition from river backwaters with longitudinally linear and nonlinear patterns, respectively, from sediment sources.     

Radium geochemistry in Na-Cl type groundwater in Niigata Prefecture, Japan

Radium isotopes in 23 Na-Cl type groundwater sampled mainly from deep wells in Niigata Prefecture, which is the site of the largest oil- and gas-fields in Japan, were measured along with U isotopes, chemical components and hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios to elucidate the distribution and behavior of Ra in a brackish environment underground. Also analyzed were U and Th isotopes in 38 rock samples collected from outcrops at 17 locations. Ra-226 concentrations (8.86-1637 mBq kg⁻¹) of groundwater samples roughly correlated with total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations and other alkaline earth contents. Their ²²⁸Ra/²²⁶Ra activity ratios (0.32-5.2) were similar to or higher than the ²³²Th/²³⁸U activity ratios (0.6-1.7) in the rocks. The most likely transport mechanism of Ra isotopes into groundwater was due to their α-recoil from the solid phase, probably from the water-rock interface where Th isotopes had accumulated, and adsorption/desorption reaction based on the increase in ²²⁶Ra contents with TDS.     

丁酸胁迫对产氢污泥以厨余为底物的产氢影响

采用丁酸对产氢污泥进行胁迫处理,经胁迫后的污泥接种厨余垃圾进行产氢实验,考察丁酸胁迫对提高产氢性能的影响。结果表明,低浓度胁迫能提高产氢污泥的耐丁酸性,从而提高产氢量,而胁迫浓度过高则抑制产氢污泥活性,胁迫浓度呈"horm esis"效应。实验采用的4 g/L胁迫浓度为最佳,反应结束后,丁酸浓度和产氢量分别为8 417.1 mg/L和63.72 mL/g VS,比空白提高了31.3%和114%。产氢过程中SCOD的主要来源是有机酸。对产氢污泥胞外多聚物(EPS)的测定表明,厨余垃圾酸化速率、氢气产生速率和EPS总量成正相关。     

钙基固定剂对制氢和污染性气体减排的影响

在未来相当长的一段时间内,煤气化仍是大规模制取氢气的主要途径。目前,常规煤气化过程得到的是H2、CO和CO2为主的混合气,需要通过净化、变换和分离工艺才能得到洁净的氢气,工艺过程复杂。采用连续式超临界水反应装置,以质量分数为20%的水煤浆为反应原料,考察了Ca/C摩尔比和温度对褐煤制氢系统的影响。试验结果表明：Ca（OH）2不仅可以很好地固定气相中的CO2和硫化物,而且对煤气化过程也表现出较好的催化作用。反应温度600℃,压力为25MPa的条件下,与未加Ca（OH）2相比,Ca/C摩尔比为0.45时,气体中CO2的体积分数由50.7%降至1.0%,趋于完全固定;硫化物浓度由10 878mg/m3降至807mg/m3;H2的体积分数由32.4%增至73.3%。Ca（OH）2对煤气化的催化作用在高温下更加明显。