过氧化钙复合片剂对水体修复和底泥磷控制的作用

以受污染水体及底泥为研究对象,制备了2种过氧化钙复合片剂(CPCTs),并考察了在混合投加方式下对上覆水的影响及控磷效果.复合片剂由过氧化钙(CaO₂)、灼烧净水污泥、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)等粉末直压制成,其中B片剂含硫酸亚铁(FeSO₄),A不含. 2种片剂吸附效果均较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型,对磷的理论最大吸附量分别达110.908 mg·g^-1和106.390 mg·g^-1.底泥模拟实验结果表明,与对照组相比,A、B组上覆水pH提高,Chl-a浓度降低(42.75%和60.82%),DO浓度提高(53.73%和63.30%). A、B组上覆水DIP浓度变化均显著,分别降低了54.93%和25.11%.对于底泥间隙水DIP, A、B组Ⅰ层(0～2 cm)变化均显著,分别降低了74.81%和65.66%;B组Ⅱ层(2～4 cm)变化显著,平均浓度降低了46.23%,而A组Ⅱ层变化不显著;A、B组Ⅲ层(4～6 cm)变化不显著.对于底泥形态磷,A、B组NH     

Effects of typical additives on the thermal stability of ammonium peroxydisulfate

Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS), one of the most widely used inorganic peroxides in the process industries, is a thermally unstable peroxide and potent oxidizer due to the presence of peroxy bond in the molecule and is incompatible with most substances. To investigate the effect of typical additives on the thermal decomposition of APS, in this paper, diamine phosphate (DAP), monoamine phosphate (MAP), and aluminum hydroxide (AH) were selected as additives; pure APS and samples with 10 wt% and 20 wt% of additives were first tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experiments and analysis showed that the samples with 10 wt% of additive had better thermal stability than those with 20 wt% of additive. After screening, the three groups of 10 wt% AH, 10 wt% MAP, and 20 wt% MAP additive conditions could be considered to have a better thermal stability effect on the thermal decomposition of APS. Four groups of samples were, in turn, tested by Phi-Tec II. The adiabatic results showed two discontinuous exothermic processes; 10 wt% AH promoted the weak exothermic effect in the first stage. In contrast, the three groups of additives in the main exothermic stage showed different degrees of inhibition, and the inhibiting effect was ranked as 10 wt% AH, 10 wt% MAP, and 20 wt% MAP in order. Finally, the self-accelerated decomposition temperature (SADT) was calculated under the 25 kg standard package. The adiabatic results, including SADT, were combined to render feasible recommendations for the use of additives, which provides references for the packaging and transportation of additives and their applications.     

微生物电解系统生物阴极的硫酸盐还原特性研究

针对传统硫酸盐生物还原方法中供氢体系能耗大和氢气利用率低的特点,构建双极室微生物电解系统(microbial electrolysis system,MES),研究了微生物利用阴极作为电子供体去除废水中硫酸盐及电子利用的特性.外加电压为0.8 V时,MES生物阴极在36 h内SO2-4平均去除量为109.8 mg·L-1,平均还原速率可达73.2 mg·(L·d)-1.运行时MES的最高电流密度为50~60 A·m-3,电子回收率为(43.3±10.7)%,约90%的电子被用于还原SO2-4.微生物利用MES阴极产生的H2作为电子供体还原SO2-4,主要还原产物为溶解态的S2-和气态的H2S,还原过程主要发生在前12 h.对MES施加不同外加电压的实验显示,外加电压为0.8 V时的SO2-4去除率和电荷量都比0.4 V时高;但0.4 V情形下MES的电子回收率可达到70%,且周期结束时阴极H2低于检出限,推测微生物可以直接利用阴极的电子从而提高了能量效率.实验结果最终表明,微生物可利用MES的阴极进行代谢去除废水中的SO2-4,阳极微生物产生电子降低了系统能耗,这为含硫酸盐废水的高效低耗处理提供了新的研究思路.     

亚甲基蓝比色法测定大气中的硫化氢

用亚甲基蓝比色法测定分析大气中的硫化氢气体,方法灵敏、吸收效果好、稳定性和避光作用较为理想.适用于测定大气中的硫化氢气体.     

Treatment of coking wastewater by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide

In this study the treatment of coking wastewater was investigated by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention was paid to the effect of initial pH, dosage of H₂O₂ and to improvement in biodegradation. The results showed that higher COD and total phenol removal rates were achieved with a decrease in initial pH and an increase in H₂O₂ dosage. At an initial pH of less than 6.5 and H₂O₂ concentration of 0.3 M, COD removal reached 44-50% and approximately 95% of total phenol removal was achieved at a reaction time of 1 h. The oxygen uptake rate of the effluent measured at a reaction time of 1 h increased by approximately 65% compared to that of the raw coking wastewater. This indicated that biodegradation of the coking wastewater was significantly improved. Several organic compounds, including bifuran, quinoline, resorcinol and benzofuranol were removed completely as determined by GC-MS analysis. The advanced Fenton oxidation process is an effective pretreatment method for the removal of organic pollutants from coking wastewater. This process increases biodegradation, and may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve effluent of high quality.     

低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术，国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究，探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响，气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定。结果表明，脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染，净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高，随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降，且在初始浓度360mg／m^2、流量1200mL／min、脉冲峰压30kV、脉冲频率80Hz的条件下，处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S，根据色谱检测限（0．29mg／m^3）计算出的净化率≥99．92％。采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析，发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3。     

半导体生产排放的废气和废水中砷、磷、硫的分析方法研究

研究了一种快速、灵敏、可靠的高温氢还原-气相色谱分析方法[1-2]，并自行设计了高温还原系统(还原炉、六通阀等)，测定半导体生产排放废气和废水中的砷、磷、硫及其化合物，样品不需预处理，使气相色谱仪能直接测定固、液、气相样品中砷、磷、硫及其化合物的含量。砷、磷、硫的检测限分别为0．01mg／L、0．003mg／L、0．02mg／L；相对标准偏差分别为6．2％、8．6％和0．3％，与经典方法进行对比，结果基本一致。从分析方法的误差统计角度，也说明该方法准确、可靠。     

基于原位试验场的融雪水补给地下水过程研究

基于原位试验场地,本研究通过对土壤含水率、温度和地下水位、温度、电导率的测量,分析了2017年2月～5月长春市融雪水补给地下水过程,并运用氢氧稳定同位素技术对补给过程进行证明。结果表明,当地大气降水线为δD=7. 53δ~(18)O-3. 41(R~2=0. 76)。在δD-δ~(18)O关系图中,地下水各水样点主要分布在当地大气降水线附近,说明地下水主要受融雪水补给。融雪水对地下水的主要补给时间为气温保持在0℃左右的20余天内,地下水位上升幅度能达到0. 6 m。在此阶段,地下水位与地下水温度和电导率具有显著相关性,相关系数均在0. 9以上。之后由于春季工农业用水增加,水位开始下降。在整个过程中,融雪水对地下水的贡献率为20. 1%。黄土地层的田间持水率约为39%。     

用生物滴滤床处理H2S和挥发性有机物混合废气

用生物滴滤床（BTF）处理某化工厂污水站的H2S和挥发性有机物（VOCs）混合废气,当废气中H2S质量浓度为120～400mg／m^3、VOCs质量浓度为115～340mg／m^时,运行稳定后H2S和VOCs的去除率为95％和85％。考察了影响BTF运行的循环水水质情况,试验结果表明：加入Na2CO3可使循环水pH控制在3～6;循环水中含盐量、Cl^-质量浓度和SO4^2-质量浓度分别为2200～3300,600～800,1200～1400mg／L,均未达到抑制微生物的水平。     

利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢的试验研究

对利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,污泥种类、基质种类、基质浓度和起始 p H对厌氧产氢反应有显著影响。当校河底泥在以 2 0 g COD/L的果糖为基质 ,起始 p H为 6.5时 ,产氢效果最佳 ,停滞期仅为 5 h,产气速率高达5 0 .1m L/g VSS·h,且可持续 12 h,累积产气量高达 60 4.9m L/g VSS,其中氢气含量约为 5 0 %。半连续试验的结果表明 ,若及时更换和补充基质 ,适当调节 p H,就可实现持续产氢 ,在 16h内平均产气速率可达 60 .0 m L /g VSS· h,氢气含量约为 45 %。