清洁生产审计在环境影响评价中的应用

在建设项目环境影响评价现状基础上,提出清洁生产的概念,并将清洁生产审计贯穿于环境影响评价工作中,同时对清洁生产下的环境影响评价程序及方法等进行了分析,指出了今后环境影响评价工作的发展方向。     

江苏省丹阳市水稻土自然生产潜力的初步研究

本文借助作物生长模型与模糊数学的方法对江苏省丹阳市的两种种植制度的土壤自然生产潜力进行了初步的分析研究。结果表明,模拟的小麦/玉米-晚稻种植制度的气候生产潜力比小麦-单季稻高3000kg/ha 左右。指出丹阳的小麦生产应以挖掘、提高土壤自然生产潜力为主,而单季稻的生产则应以提高品种的气候生产潜力为方向。     

论我国磷业发展战略

我国磷矿资源丰富,但长期以来缺乏磷业发展战略部署,磷矿山建设缓慢,磷肥供应不足,造成氮、磷、钾施肥比例失调,全国有2/3的耕地缺磷,其中半数严重缺磷,农业上出现了“报酬递减”现象。本文在分析我国磷业发展概况的基础上进行了磷矿与磷肥需求预测,根据我国农业及磷矿资源分布与有关开发建设条件等,提出了我国磷业发展战略与宏观生产布局,论证了发展磷业应立足国内、以国民经济总体部署为准则、建立4个大型综合性磷业基地、以资源型布点为主,辅以混合型、临海型和消费型布点等磷业发展战略中的重大问题,并提出了发展我国TS形双结构磷业网络的思想。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的主要内容及改进

根据清洁生产的基本涵义及环境影响评价中清洁生产分析的原则与目标，分析了清洁生产分析的主要内容，并针对目前存在的问题，提出了改进意见。     

SBR法运行控制工艺研究进展

SBR法是一种具有独特的优点的废水生物处理工艺，但至今还没有一套公认的运行控制工艺，本文从SBR法的启动，充水时间及反应时间的确定，模糊控制，目标控制操作等几方面对SBR工艺的运行控制做了评述，并对其今后的研究方向做了展望。     

镀液循环流量对封闭循环电沉积Ni-SiC复合镀层的影响

目的 研究封闭式镀液循环装置中不同镀液循环流量对Ni-SiC复合镀层的影响规律,优化镀液循环流量参数.方法 以Q235管状工件为待镀基体,以添加SiC颗粒的改良瓦特镀液为母液,在自主研发的封闭式镀液循环电镀装置中以0.3、0.5、0.7 m3/h的镀液循环流量于管件内壁制备Ni-SiC复合镀层,通过SEM检测、XRD测试、硬度测试和摩擦磨损性能测试等手段,对各Ni-SiC复合镀层宏微观形貌、厚度、成分、结构、硬度和耐磨性进行分析研究.结果 在0.5 m3/h流量条件下,镀层厚度为32.98μm,SiC颗粒含量为15.37％,镀层晶粒尺寸和硬度分别为10.84 nm和704HK0.245,该条件下制备的Ni-SiC复合镀层具有最佳耐磨性,摩擦系数为0.41,体积磨损率仅2.83×10–5 mm3/Nm.结论 在不同镀液循环流量参数下,采用该封闭式循环电镀装置,均可制得均匀完整的Ni-SiC复合镀层.随镀液循环流量的升高,镀层厚度和SiC颗粒体积含量均降低,镀层颜色金属光泽增强,镀层晶粒尺寸先减小、后增大,镀层硬度则先升高、后降低.     

低温高铁锰氨氮地下水两级生物净化快速启动

为了实现东北地区低温（5~6℃）高铁、锰、氨氮（TFe：9~15mg/L，Fe²⁺：6~12mg/L，NH₃-N：1.4~2.0mg/L，Mn²⁺：1.4~2.0mg/L）地下水的净化及解决同层净化中运行稳定性差、出水锰超标的问题，在水厂净化车间开展“两级曝气+两级过滤”工艺启动研究，采用差滤速和同滤速2种启动方式分别启动两级生物净化工艺.结果表明，2种启动方式分别在106，59d启动成功.同滤速启动可以有效的缩短两级生物净化的启动时间，铁、锰、氨氮去除负荷可达110.69，18.80，19.54g/（m²·h），沿程分析发现，铁在一级滤柱的60cm处即被去除至痕量；85.08%的氨氮在一级滤柱中去除，沿程各段去除均匀，14.92%的氨氮在二级滤柱中去除；锰的去除率和氧化活性去除区位受滤速及进水氨氮浓度影响较大，33.72%的锰在一级滤柱中去除，66.28%的锰在二级滤柱中去除，锰的去除仍然是滤池成熟的决定性因素.     

近百年中国亚热带地区农业气候带界限动态变化及其对农业生产的影响

本文利用我国东部亚热带地区315个站点的资料,采用农业气候带分界指标,分析了北亚热带北界、中亚热带北界、南亚热带北界3个界限近百年的动态变化以及农业气候带界限波动变化对农业生产的影响。     

The safety of fetoscopy: (I). Effect of umbilical vessel puncture on the fetal heart rate and cord histology

The fetal heart rate (FHR) was continuously monitored during 42 umbilical vessel punctures performed at the placental insertion of the cord in 24 diagnostic fetoscopies in which pure fetal blood was obtained. In only one patient did a deceleration first appear during puncture and aspiration of fetal blood. In two patients decelerations preceded fetoscopy and in two others they began during the fetoscopy but before puncture of an umbilical vessel. In 19 patients, the FHR did not change at all during the procedure. Fetal haemorrhage after sampling was either absent or minimal. Six pregnancies were terminated because a positive diagnosis had been made and 18 healthy babies were born. Umbilical cords were examined after 7 terminations of pregnancy and after 6 deliveries. In the former group the puncture could just be seen with the naked eye and the needle track was demonstrated histologically in 6. No traces of the puncture or other abnormalities were found in the cords after delivery. Fetal blood sampling from umbilical cord vessels, particularly at the placental insertion of the cord, is the technique of choice since pure fetal blood can be obtained without increasing the risk of fetoscopy.