ZrxMg1-xO supported cobalt catalysts for methane decomposition into COx-free hydrogen and carbon nanotubes

Zirconia-magnesia supported cobalt catalysts with various Zr/Mg atomic ratios were prepared and evaluated for non-oxidative catalytic decomposition of methane to produce CO_x-free hydrogen and carbon nanotube. The catalytic performance of the catalysts was performed in a continuous fixed bed flow reactor at 700°C under atmospheric pressure. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR, BET, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the change in Zr/Mg ratio of the mixed oxide support has a significant effect on the catalytic performance of the active Co metal. The catalyst 30%Co/Zr_0.8Mg_0.2 showed the highest activity and stability within the used series of catalysts with hydrogen yield reached up to 79%. Both Co/Mg_1.0 and Co/Zr_1.0 showed poor stability due to strong Co-Mg interaction and aggregation of Co species on Zr support, respectively. All catalysts produced mainly MWCNTs with different diameters depending on the Zr/Mg ratio. The outer diameter increased with increasing Zr content in the catalyst due to the enlargement of the particle size of cobalt as a result of aggregation.     

Thermodynamic-dynamic analysis of gamma type free-piston stirling engine charged with hydrogen gas as working fluid

ABSTRACT

In this study, the combined thermodynamic and dynamic model of a new concept of gamma type free-piston Stirling engine is conducted. The engine consists of two identical displacer cylinders, a power cylinder, a linear alternator, and three-cushion pistons. Two displacer cylinders are symmetrically positioned on each side of the power cylinder for minimizing the rotational vibrations. Hydrogen is used as the working gas and the effect of gas temperature on the specific heat capacity is considered. The analysis carried out in this study involves the prediction of the thermodynamic-dynamic performance characteristics of the engine. In the thermodynamic section of the analysis, the working space of the engine is divided into 31 nodal volumes and the gas pressures in nodal volumes are assumed to be equal to each other. The conservation of mass and energy equations is obtained for each nodal volume. Instantaneous gas temperatures of nodal volumes are calculated by the first law of thermodynamics given for the unsteady open systems. The dynamic section of the analysis involves the motion equations of displacer, power and cushion pistons. The motion equations are derived using the Newton method. In the calculations done for variable specific heat capacity, it has been determined that there is 1% cyclic work reduction compared to the constant heat capacity. It is estimated that the maximum effective power that can be produced by the linear alternator will be around 1.6 kW. The working frequency range of the proposed engine is found to be suitable to generate electrical power.     

Fenton反应助催化剂碳基黄铁矿型纳米二硫化钴的合成

以水热与化学气相沉积方法制备了碳基黄铁矿型纳米CoS₂薄膜,对其组成、形貌进行了表征,并对其Fenton反应助催化性能进行了研究。实验结果表明：在罗丹明B模拟废水的Fenton处理过程中,添加CoS₂助催化剂的Fenton体系具有更高的反应活性,20 s内的脱色率达到98%,相比于普通Fenton体系的反应速率提高了近3倍;在类Fenton体系中的反应速率最高增加了约350%。CoS₂的加入显著提高了H₂O₂的利用效率以及催化氧化反应的反应速率。     

海洋卡盾藻日本株过氧化氢产生的影响因素

对海洋卡盾藻日本株(Chattonella marina Japan,CMJP)在不同盐度、营养盐条件及不同生长期的过氧化氢产生特点进行了研究.结果表明:H2O2浓度峰值出现在CMJP对数生长期(4~8d),以第6d达到最大,为0.97×10-4nmol/cell.在N:P为8:1和16:1的情况下,CMJP生长较快,藻细胞在对数生长末期之前一直保持较高密度.CMJP产生的H2O2量与藻类生长呈现出一定的相反趋势,在藻细胞适宜生长的N:P下,产生的H2O2浓度较小.在N:P为16:1时单个藻细胞的H2O2量最低(0.40×10-4nmol/cell),仅是N:P为32:1时(1.17 ×10-4nmol/cell)的1/3,N:P为8:1时,单个藻细胞的H2O2浓度为0.63 ×10-4nmol/cell. CMJP在盐度为20,25psu时生长较好且藻细胞达到较高密度,在盐度为10,15,30psu时藻密度较低,表明低盐和高盐条件均不利于CMJP的生长.盐度对CMJP过氧化氢的产量有一定的影响,在高盐度下单个藻细胞的H2O2产量增加,盐度为30psu时,H202浓度最高(1.1×10-4nmol/cell).     

Effects of stable aqueous fullerene nanocrystal (nC60) on Daphnia magna: Evaluation of hop frequency and accumulations under different conditions

We investigated the effects of environmental factors and properties of water-stable crystal fullerene (nC60) on the uptake of nC60 by Daphnia magna based on known accumulation in our laboratory. This study was performed for seven days using different environmental factors including temperature, pH, water hardness, concentration (density of particle), and particle size. Results demonstrated that body burden of C60 increased with time in all experiments. Body burden of C60 increased with increasing concentration and particle size, and uptake of particles >100 nm reached their maximums more quickly than those <100 nm. Under high hardness in aqueous systems with lower pH and high temperature, uptake was higher than those under opposite conditions. Uptake in all batch tests reached balance within five days. Both nC60 properties and environmental factors influenced uptake of nC60 by D. magna in an aqueous system. Additionally, environmental factors may have affected accumulation by changing nC60 properties, which are critical to understand the accumulation of fullerenes in aqueous systems.     

CNT/CdS/壳聚糖-H2O2可见光光催化甲基橙脱色研究

利用共沉淀法制备了具有可见光响应的CNT/CdS复合薄膜光催化材料.以氙灯模拟日光光源,并以双氧水辅助氧化,对甲基橙进行光催化降解,探讨了不同工艺、催化剂用量、双氧水用量、甲基橙初始浓度、溶液pH值、无机阴离子对光催化降解脱色的影响以及催化剂的重复使用性.实验结果表明:双氧水对CNT/CdS光催化甲基橙脱色产生协同作用...     

淀粉污泥酸处理产氢特性及微生物多样性研究

以淀粉厂厌氧活性污泥为对象,探讨了经酸处理后污泥的产氢特性.结果表明,酸处理后的活性污泥反应系统,其产氢量均大于未经处理的活性污泥反应系统,其中最适产氢酸处理pH值为4.0、处理时间为0.5 h.通过细胞裂解直接提取活性污泥细菌基因组DNA,PCR扩增细菌16S rRNA基因V3区和变性梯度凝胶电泳分离,获得酸处理活性...     

长庆油田原油集输系统H2S次生机理分析

H2S是一种剧毒气体,就石油行业而言,H2S气体分布广泛,对员工和居民的生命安全、人体健康危害极大.本文通过对长庆油田6条典型原油集输系统进行取样,经H2S含量测试、离子环境分析、微生物群落演替规律研究,探讨了油田原油集输系统H2S的分布规律、微生物群落分布特征及次生机理,经DNA等生命科学手段分析出15种微生物种群,...     

某公司污水处理装置硫化氢突发泄漏事故应急检测

描述了应急检测的组织机构及基本作业流程,以某公司污水处理装置H2S突发泄漏事故为例,介绍了应急检测工作的实施过程。     

分子筛装置长周期运转影响因素及对策

针对中国石油抚顺石化公司石油三厂分子筛装置预分馏单元空冷系统泄漏与塔盘堵塞影响装置长周期运转问题,通过对分子筛装置生产原料杂质含量和运行情况的分析,判断出空冷系统腐蚀与塔盘堵塞的原因,对存在的问题采取了相应的改进措施,并进一步提出了保证装置长周期运行的对策。