不同阴离子在生物质发酵产氢中的作用研究

为揭示不同阴离子在生物质发酵产氢中的作用规律,以混合菌群发酵产氢为研究对象,采用正交试验设计的方法考察了6种不同的阴离子及添加尿素对发酵产氢过程的影响.通过对不同阴离子浓度及相互关系对发酵产氢的影响的综合比较,获得以下结论:促进混合菌群发酵产氢的阴离子组成为:SO42-1.5 g·L-1,Cl-0 g·L-1,NO3-0 g·L-1,Mo7O246-0.1 g·L-1,C2O42- 1g·L-1,C6H5O73- 5g·L-1,(H2N)2CO 0 g·L-1;以PDB(马铃薯水解液)为基质发酵原料,H2最高含量和平均含量分别比对照组提高了21.4%和24.1%;平均产氢速率由对照组的36.79 mL·L-1·h-1提高到96.25 mL·L-1·h-1;氢气产率由对照组的0.76 mol·mol-1提高到1.17 mol·mol-1.研究同时证明,尿素对H2的产生具有显著的抑制作用,Mo7O246-则可促进混合微生物对原料的利用和转化;阴离子C2O42-和C6H5O73-的交互作用显著,说明两者同时使用可改善发酵产氢.从理论上对上述结果进行了分析探讨.     

阻抑催化动力学光度法测定水体中的痕量镍

研究了在pH9.2硼砂介质中,镍(II)对过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫褪色反应具有阻抑作用,聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)对此反应体系有活化作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量镍(II)的新方法。试验考察了反应介质种类和用量、活化剂种类和用量、反应温度、反应时间、共存组分等因素的影响,确定了最佳试验条件。该方法的测定波长为590nm;活化剂为PEG-200;反应温度为沸水浴;反应时间为14min;线性范围为1.7×10-6g/L～1.4×10-4g/L;检出限为1.7×10-6g/L。所建方法用于环境水体中痕量镍(II)的测定,最大相对标准偏差为3.27%,加标回收率为95.5%～104.5%;所建方法与火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了对比试验,方法相对误差小于6.50%。     

Cd uptake in rice cultivars treated with organic acids and EDTA

A pot experiment was conducted to examine the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and protein, and Cd uptake in different rice cultivars exposed to Cd (0, 1 and 5 mg/kg) in the presence of organic acids and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). The results showed the increase in activity of dismutase (SOD), contents of proline and protein but a decline in activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and MDA content for cultivars Xiushui63 and IIyou527. The...     

油田含硫化氢天然气无害化治理技术

重点介绍了生物法治理油田储油罐逸散的含硫化氢天然气的工程应用经验。     

亚热带丘陵区绿狐尾藻人工湿地处理养猪废水氮磷去向

以亚热带丘陵区为研究区,采取野外定位观测的研究方法,选取耐高氮（N）、磷（P）的绿狐尾藻为湿地植物,建立稻草基质池+6级绿狐尾藻表面流湿地系统,湿地总面积1597 m²,水力负荷0.06~0.14 m·d^-1,水力停留时间31 d,研究此湿地系统对养猪废水（NH₄⁺-N：535.4~591.09 mg·L^-1、TN：682.09~766.96 mg·L^-1、TP：57.73~82.29 mg·L^-1和COD：918.4~1940.43 mg·L^-1）的治理效果,旨在为亚热带高负荷猪废水的生态治理提供参数依据.结果表明,湿地系统对NH₄⁺-N、TN、TP和COD的平均去除率为97.4%、97.1%、91.0%和90.2%,其中以CW1累积贡献率最大（37.3%、38.4%、43.3%和27.4%）.植物N、P吸收量在23.87~79.96 g·m^-2和5.34~18.98 g·m^-2之间,占湿地N、P去除量的19.1%和20.2%;底泥N、P吸附量在19.17~56.62 g·m^-2和10.59~26.62 g·m^-2之间,占去除量的19.8%和61.7%.湿地N、P去除率与影响因子间的关系表明,环境因子解释了湿地N、P去除率的79.9%和70.1%.其中,DO是湿地系统N去除的主要因子,底泥P吸附是P去除的关键.     

氯磺酸的清洁生产工艺

在对氯磺酸原有工艺——低气浓法、高气浓法进行技术分析的基础上,设计建成了氯磺酸生产产量为150t／d的循环吸收合成法生产装置。该工艺的实施,可使排放尾气中污染物的浓度低于国家排放标准,二氧化硫的转化率达到98％,三氧化硫和氯化氢利用率分别比原来提高6％和1．5％,且经济效益与环境效益显著。     

Biological nitrogen removal with enhanced phosphate uptake in (AO)2 SBR using single sludge system

IntroductionBiologicalphosphorusandnitrogenremovalprocesshasprovidedsignificantbenefitstoameliorateeutrophicationofsurfacewaterwithoutexacerbatingsalination .Recentresearchesonnitrogenremovalaremostlyeithertowardsimprovementofperformanceandenergysavingsintraditionalprocessesortowardsdevelopmentofnewprocesses microorganismsthatareabletoconvertammonium oxidatednitrogenintoharmlessforms.Shorternitrificationanddenitrification ,i.e .partialoxidationofNH 4toNO-2 andsubsequentreductionofthelatterto…     

不同氮磷营养条件下铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果

铜绿微囊藻是中国湖泊、水库及其它水域生态系统发生、形成富营养化危害的主要藻类。采用了直接显色法对单细胞铜绿微囊藻（〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗）蓄积正磷酸盐的浓度进行测定,并与传统测定方法进行比较。直接显色法测定的磷浓度值减去溶液中可溶性磷浓度值即得到铜绿微囊藻蓄积的磷浓度值。对用不同处理方式处理过的铜绿微囊藻藻液进行过滤显色和直接显色测定,结果表明聚磷酸盐(正磷酸盐)在铜绿微囊藻体内不是游离存在,而很可能是与细胞内某一活性部分结合。在确立测定方法的基础上,研究了以修改了的MⅢ培养基为基本培养条件,改变氮磷浓度对产毒铜绿微囊藻（FACHB942）蓄积正磷酸盐效果的影响。结果显示,①氮磷比不变时,随着起始磷浓度的增加,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐蓄积量也逐渐增加,成明显正相关;②氮浓度不变时,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与磷浓度正相关;③而同一磷浓度下,铜绿微囊藻对正磷酸盐的蓄积效果与氮浓度负相关,但氮浓度超过21 mg/L时,氮浓度对于铜绿微囊藻蓄积磷的效果影响变得不规则。     

基于稻草还田的稻田生态系统N素吸收特性研究

采用田间试验研究了稻草还田环境下施N模式对稻田生态系统N素吸收量及N肥利用率的影响.结果表明:稻草还田配施N肥能显著提高水稻N素吸收转化功能,且高量常规N处理下尽管水稻N素吸收量增多,但只有一定量N素能转移到穗部,其余则仍然留存在营养器官中.所有处理N肥的吸收利用率为26.7%～30.7%、农学利用率为10.5～12.2 kg·kg-1,N肥利用率较低,且随着施N量增加呈下降趋势.随着与稻草配合施用,N肥利用率各指标中除吸收利用率略有下降外,其他各指标(包括农学利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力)均有一定程度提高.根据稻田作物N素吸收转化状况与N肥利用率,在全年稻草还田量为7 500 kg·hm-2的红壤稻田系统,建议全年适宜配施N量为185 kg·hm-2.     

The fate of exogenous iodine in pot soil cultivated with vegetables

A pot experiment was conducted to explore a more effective approach to enhancing vegetable uptake of soil iodine, with the ultimate goal of using agricultural fortification as a measure to prevent iodine deficiency disorders in local communities. Two types of iodine fertilizers were added separately to pot soil samples at various dosages. The fortified soil in each of the flower pots was seeded with one of four test crops (pakchoi, celery, pepper, and radish) in an effort to examine the effect of vegetable cultivation. The fate and residual levels of the exogenous iodine in the fortified soil samples were then monitored and quantified. The data showed that the soil iodine contents decreased with time (and hence with plant growth as well). At the second cutting, iodine from the inorganic form (KI) as the exogenous source was reduced to approximately 50% (41.6–61.0%) of the applied dose, whereas that in soil fortified with the seaweed fertilizer was down to approximately 60% (53.9–71.5%). The abilities of the edible portion of the four vegetables in accumulating the soil iodine were as follows: pakchoi > celery > radish > pepper. On the whole, iodine residues were found less in soil cultivated with vegetables. Vegetable cultivation appeared to have enhanced the soil content of the water-soluble form of iodine somewhat, especially in soil fortified with the inorganic forms. There also appeared to be a significant negative correlation between the residual iodine and its dissolution rate in soil. Overall, the results of the present study pointed toward the direction that the seaweed fertilizer tends to be a (more) preferred source of agricultural fortification in promoting human iodine nutrition.