粘质沙雷氏菌酶促过氧化氢降解对氨基苯酚的研究

利用源于粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)AB 90027的酶催化过氧化氢氧化降解对氨基苯酚,对降解过程的影响因素和对氨基苯酚的降解途径进行了研究,并分析了酶在细胞中的存在位置.结果表明,降解500mg·l-1对氨基苯酚溶液50ml,其适宜的条件为:H2O23ml,温度40℃-60℃,pH 9.0-10.0;在酶的催化作用下,H2O2氧化对氨基苯酚首先生成对苯醌,进一步氧化生成顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、草酸等有机酸并最终转化为CO2和H2O.可催化降解对氨基苯酚的酶为胞外酶.     

碱性条件下日光/FeEDTA/H2O2降解2,4-二氯苯酚的研究

采用日光/FeEDTA/H2O2体系降解2,4-二氯苯酚废水,探讨了pH值,H2O2,FeEDTA以及2,4-二氯苯酚初始浓度对2,4-二氯苯酚去除率以及CODCr去除率的影响,发现该体系可在较宽的pH范围(pH=2-11)降解2,4-二氯苯酚.碱性条件下(pH=9)对250mg·l-1的2,4-二氯苯酚废水,最佳处理条件为:[H2O2]=30mmol·l-1,[FeEDTA]=0.5mmol·l-1,此条件下,反应2h后,2,4-二氯苯酚的去除率高达99%,CODCr去除率达91%.另外,通过对传统Fenton,FeEDTA,草酸铁以及柠檬酸铁四种Fenton体系的对比研究,发现FeEDTA体系在碱性条件下处理2,4-二氯苯酚废水具有明显的优势.     

纤维素废弃物水热处理制H2的研究进展

水热处理为纤维素废弃物资源化应用开辟了一条新的途径,文中就水热处理技术的特点、水热条件下纤维素的降解过程进行了介绍,并着重综述了纤维素废弃物水热制H2方面的研究进展,同时对纤维素及其废弃物的水热处理和资源化研究前景进行了展望.     

Effects of thermally pretreated temperature on bio-hydrogen production from sewage sludge

Hydrogen can be obtained by anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge. Therefore, in this paper the effects of thermally pretreated temperatures on hydrogen production from sewage sludge were investigated under different pre-treatment conditions. In the thermal pretreatment, some microbial matters of sludge were converted into soluble matters from insoluble ones. As a result, the suspended solid（SS） and volatile suspended solid（VSS） of sludge decreased and the concentration of soluble COD（SCOD） increased, including soluble carbohydrates and proteins. The experimental results showed that all of those pretreated sludge could produce hydrogen by anaerobic fermentation and the hydrogen yields under the temperatures of 121℃ and 50℃ were 12.23 ml/g VS（most） and 1.17 ml/g VS （least）, respectively. It illuminated that the hydrogen yield of sludge was affected by the thermally pretreated temperatures. Additionally, the endurance of high hydrogen yield depended on the translation of microbial matters and inhibition of methanogens in the sludge. The temperatures of 100℃ and 121℃ （treated time, 30 min） could kill or inhibit completely the methanogens while the others could not. To produce hydrogen and save energy, 100℃ was chosen as the optimal temperature for thermal pretrcatment. The composition changes in liquid phase in the fermentation process were also discussed. The SCOD of sludge increased, which was affected by the pretreatment temperature. The production of volatile fatty acids in the anaerobic fermentation increased with the pretreatment temperature.     

H2S燃料电池的研究进展

H2S燃料电池是一种环境友好、发电效率较高并且同时共生其他化学产品的装置,为合H2S气体的处理提供了新的思路。按照采用的固体电解质的导电粒子的不同阐释了H2S的电化学氧化基本原理,指出对H2S燃料电池的电化学氧化机理的研究将进一步扩大H2S资源化利用的范围,以实现H2S燃料电池电能与化学产品的同步生产。目前H2S燃料电池固体电解质薄膜和阳极电催化剂的研制及其一体化技术是H2S燃料电池的关键。     

常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺的研究

采用浸渍焙烧法制备了几种负载型催化剂,以偶氮染料模拟废水为处理对象,考察了这几种催化剂在常温常压下催化湿式过氧化氢氧化工艺中的催化活性。研究结果表明,Fe／γ～Al2O3的催化活性和稳定性最好。处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙模拟废水,当Fe／γ-Al2O3和H2O2加入量分别为30g/L和330mg／L时,处理3h后,废水的脱色率为79．67％,COD去除率为80．92％,总有机碳去除率达72．88％。在上述相同工艺条件下,分别处理质量浓度为500mg／L的甲基橙、酸性橙和活性黑模拟废水,其中,甲基橙较易被降解,酸性橙次之,活性黑最难被降解。     

连续流生物制氢反应器乙醇型发酵的运行特性

采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR),利用厌氧活性污泥,在制糖废水产酸发酵过程的同时制取氢气.探讨了生物制氢反应器连续流稳定运行的工程控制参数.研究表明,在污泥接种量为15g/L、温度为35℃±1℃、COD容积负荷为40kg/(m³·d)、HRT为4h、系统pH、氧化还原电位(ORP)分别在4.6～4.9、-450～-470mV等条件下,可以实现连续流生物制氢反应系统乙醇型发酵的高效稳定运行.此时,液相末端发酵产物中乙醇和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的80%以上,COD去除率22%～26%,气相中的氢气含量约为40%～58%,最大产氢能力为7.63m³/(m³·d).     

液相催化氧化法净化H2S实验研究

采用液相催化氧化法净化H2 S尾气。研究了铁离子浓度、氧含量和表面活性剂等因素在H2 S的净化中对吸收液净化效率和硫容量的影响。实验结果表明 ,用铁离子作催化剂 ,添加表面活性剂后 ,对低氧含量的尾气 ,吸收液具有较高的净化效率和较大的硫容量 ;当吸收液的硫容量达到饱和时 ,可通入空气进行再生循环使用。这一方法对H2 S尾气的污染治理及硫的回收利用具有重要的现实意义。     

Uranium uptake and depuration in the aquatic invertebrate Chironomus tentans

Evaluation of aqueous uranium (U) uptake and depuration in larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans were investigated in two separated experiments. First, a static-renewal experiment was performed with 10-d old C. tentans larvae exposed to 300 μg U/L. The animals steadily accumulated U (K_u = 20.3) approaching steady-state conditions (BAF = 56) in approximately 9-11 d. However, accumulated U was readily depurated (K_d = 0.36) with U tissue concentration decreasing rapidly within 3 d of the larvae being placed in clean water (t_1/2 = 1.9 d). Also, the growth of C. tentans larvae appeared to decrease after 6-11 d of U exposure, probably due to the reallocation of resources into U detoxification mechanisms. However, growth significantly increased once C. tentans were transferred to clean water. A separate short-term experiment was performed to evaluate the possible mechanism of U uptake in this invertebrate. Results suggested a passive mechanism of U uptake coupled with an active mechanism of U depuration but no details related to the type of mechanisms or pathway was investigated.     

介质阻挡放电净化硫化氢气体的实验研究

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术净化恶臭气体硫化氢。考察了电压、频率、硫化氢初始浓度以及停留时间对硫化氢净化效果的影响。结果表明,介质阻挡放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染,硫化氢净化率随电压、频率以及停留时间的增加而升高,随硫化氢初始浓度增加而下降。当电压≥19kV,频率为300Hz,停留时间为1.56s,硫化氢初始质量浓度为30.1mg/m3时,硫化氢净化率接近100%。