嗜热硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生长影响因素研究

从油田污水中分离得到一株嗜热硫酸盐还原菌,并研究了该菌株的形态生理特性,探讨了碳源、还原剂、pH和温度对该菌株的生长和硫酸盐还原能力影响。结果表明:该菌株为革兰氏阳性杆菌,最适合碳源为柠檬酸钠,在加入了硫代硫酸钠作为还原剂的培养基中生长较好,最适合生长pH为中性,最适生长温度为60℃。在最适条件下培养,2d后培养基变黑,菌株的生长在3d后达到最大值,硫化氢的生成在4d后达到最大值。     

杀灭硫酸盐还原菌的药剂复配与杀菌效果研究

将杀菌剂A与B进行复配,测定各个不同复配比例的最低杀灭浓度,得知,当A∶B=10∶1时,对耐药型SRB的杀菌效果最好,也好于单独使用ME、BQ3和1227的杀菌效果。把按照A:B=10:1的比例配成的药剂记为JH1杀菌剂。再将杀菌剂A与B进行复配,得出杀菌效果最好的配比JH2(A∶B=20∶1)。对比JH1和JH2可知,杀灭培养基和现场水样中的具有耐药性或非耐药性的游离和固着型SRB,JH1均优于JH2。     

FECAL‐INDICATOR BACTERIA IN STREAMS ALONG A GRADIENT OF RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT: Fecal‐indicator bacteria were sampled at 14 stream sites in Anchorage, Alaska, USA, as part of a study to determine the effects of urbanization on water quality. Population density in the subbasins sampled ranged from zero to 1,750 persons per square kilometer. Higher concentrations of fecal‐coliform, E. coli, and enterococci bacteria were measured at the most urbanized sites. Although fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were higher in summer than in winter, seasonal differences in bacteria concentrations generally were not significant. Areas served by sewer systems had significantly higher fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations than did areas served by septic systems. The areas served by sewer systems also had storm drains that discharged directly to the streams, whereas storm sewers were not present in the areas served by septic systems. Fecal‐indicator bacteria concentrations were highly variable over a two‐day period of stable streamflow, which may have implications for testing of compliance to water‐quality standards.     

悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群空间分布规律

利用16S rRNA寡核苷酸探针荧光原位杂交和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜联用技术,对悬浮载体生物膜内硝化菌群的空间分布规律进行了分析.试验采用3组结构完全相同的悬浮载体生物膜反应器,每个反应器的曝气区为6L,沉淀区为2L,水力停留时间为1.0h,3个反应器的进水COD/NH₄⁺-N分别为15、10和5,从反应器中取出载体颗粒表面的生物膜进行分析,研究各反应器中生物膜的微生物群落结构的变化规律.结果表明,SCBR内载体表面生物膜的总体厚度在80～120μm左右,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌主要分布在生物膜表面的20～30μm左右范围内.随着进水中COD/NH₄⁺-N的增加,氨氧化菌和亚硝酸盐氧化菌在整个生物膜中所占的比例逐步下降.     

Solar and Tidal Modulations of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Coastal Waters at Huntington Beach,California

The coastal waters at many beaches in California and the United States are afflicted with fecal pollution, which poses a health risk for people exposed to the water through recreational activities such as swimming, surfing, and diving. Identifying sources of pollution is complicated by oceanographic transport/mixing processes and the nonconservative behavior of microorganisms exposed to sunlight and hostile marine conditions. This article investigates the variation of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations in the surf zone and the adjacent coastal marsh by applying autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses that illustrate solar and tidal modulations. A steady state bioreactor model was developed to explain solar inactivation in the surf zone, whereas a dynamic model was applied to explain tidally influenced disturbances in the coastal marsh. These models applied to intensive monitoring datasets on FIB and environmental variables have provided insights into the biologic and physical processes controlling coastal water quality, specifically the influence of sunlight and tides on bacterial levels.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌基因转移系统研究进展[综述]

氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｆｅｒｒｏｏｘｉｄａｎｓ)是极端嗜酸性的专性自养细菌 ,广泛分布于硫化矿床、酸性矿水及土壤中 ,最适生长ｐＨ 2 .0～ 2 .5 .氧化亚铁硫杆菌很早就被广泛应用于有用金属的浸出 ,特别适合于从低品位的矿石中浸出和回收稀有贵重金属 .这种方法具有低成本、低能耗、无污染等特点 ,因而在能源日益紧缺的今天 ,受到人们越来越多的关注 .目前许多国家已经成功地利用细菌浸出液技术开采多种金属 ,如铜、铀、金、钴、镍、锌和铅等 .其主要作用原理是通过氧化ＦｅＳＯ4 或ＦｅＳ2 产生Ｆｅ3 氧化剂 ,氧化…     

Trace Organic Matter in the Ria Formosa, Portugal

The Ria Formosa lagoon, Portugal, receives organic matter from many natural and anthropogenic sources. This paper presents an overview of the contribution these sources made through the use of lipid biomarkers. Sixty-one surface sediment samples were collected and analysed for a range of lipids. Sewage materials were confined to regions within 2 km of discharge points; phytoplankton biomarkers (sterols and fatty acids) suggest production was greatest in the inner parts of the lagoon that also have greatest inorganic nutrient enrichment; terrestrial organic matter was present in relatively low concentrations as shown by both sterol and fatty alcohols; bacteria were widespread although the Sulphate Reducing Bacteria (SRBs, shown by the presence of 3-OH fatty acids) were located near but not adjacent to sewage discharge points.     

污水处理厂二级出水中四环素抗性菌的生长特性与耐药性

抗生素抗性菌的扩散已成为全世界面临的重要公共卫生安全隐患.本文从某城市污水处理厂二级出水中分离出21株四环素抗性菌,对其种属、生理生化特性、抗生素耐受性进行了研究.结果表明,21株四环素抗性菌均属于肠杆菌科,分别属于气单胞菌属(9株)、埃希氏菌属(5株)、肠杆菌属(3株)、克雷伯氏菌属(2株)、柠檬酸杆菌属(1株)和哈夫尼菌属(1株).这些菌大多属于条件致病菌,且有18株携带质粒.21株四环素抗性菌中,气单胞菌、埃希氏菌的平均最大生长量显著高于肠杆菌,大部分菌株的迟滞时间在2 h以内.抗生素耐受性试验结果表明,四环素抗性菌对氯霉素耐受能力最强,对β-内酰胺酶类抗生素(青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢噻吩)的耐受性次之,对利福平的耐受性最弱.75%以上的四环素抗性菌同时表现出对其它5种抗生素具有抗性.以上结果为我国污水处理厂抗生素抗性菌的风险分析与控制提供了参考数据.     

微生物絮凝剂产絮菌的分离与筛选

根据北方气温的变化特点,用活性污泥生物膜分离、筛选出DG1、DN1、H8、H13菌株,在低温条件下培养絮凝率分别达到87.35%、81.33%、83.79%、78.44%,为今后开展低温污水处理及絮凝机理的研究打下了基础。     

Characterization and reactivity of biogenic manganese oxides for ciprofloxacin oxidation

Biogenic manganese oxides （BioMnOx） were synthesized by the oxidation of Mn（II） with Mn- oxidizing bacteria Pseudomonas sp. G7 under different initial pH values and Mn（II） dosages, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The crystal structure and Mn oxidation states of BioMnOx depended on the initial pH and Mn（lI） dosages of the medium. The superoxide radical （O2） was observed in Mn-containing （III/IV） BioMnOx suspensions by electron spin resonance measurements. BioMnOx（0.4）-7, with mixed valence of Mn（II/III/IV） and the strongest O~- signals, was prepared in the initial pH 7 and Mn（II） dosage of 0.4 mmol/L condition, and exhibited the highest activity for ciproftoxacin degradation and no Mn（II） release. During the degradation of ciprofloxacin, the oxidation of the Mn（II） formed came from biotic and abiotic reactions in BioMnOx suspensions on the basis of the Mn（II） release and O2- formation from different BioMnOx. The degradation process of ciprofloxacin was shown to involve the cleavage of the hexatomic ring having a secondary amine and carbon-carbon double bond connected to a carboxyl group, producing several compounds containing amine groups as well as small organic acids.