垃圾渗滤液中典型内分泌干扰物质(EDCs)细胞毒性分析

垃圾渗滤液的人类健康风险评估日益受到人们重视,也成为研究热点。本文采用一种新型高级氧化技术UV-Fenton处理渗滤液,并用人体乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)评估处理过程中渗滤液原液以及渗滤液中典型内分泌干扰物质(EDCs)的细胞毒性,对垃圾渗滤液中EDCs的细胞毒性和变化规律进行了研究。结果表明渗滤液中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、双酚A(BPA)、壬基酚(NP)是产生细胞毒性的主要物质,其毒性大小为DBPBPANP。在同样的氧化降解过程中显示出不同毒性变化规律,通过GC-MS分析,结果显示UV-Fenton过程中产生了大量的中间产物,这也是引起毒性变化的主要原因。实验结果也说明垃圾渗滤液细胞毒性可以通过UV-Fenton过程有效去除。     

Composting of waste algae: A review

Although composting has been successfully used at pilot scale to manage waste algae removed from eutrophied water environments and the compost product applied as a fertiliser, clear guidelines are not available for full scale algae composting. The review reports on the application of composting to stabilize waste algae, which to date has mainly been macro-algae, and identifies the peculiarities of algae as a composting feedstock, these being: relatively low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, which can result in nitrogen loss as NH₃ and even N₂O; high moisture content and low porosity, which together make aeration challenging; potentially high salinity, which can have adverse consequence for composting; and potentially have high metals and toxin content, which can affect application of the product as a fertiliser. To overcome the challenges that these peculiarities impose co-compost materials can be employed.     

Treating solid dairy manure using microwave-enhanced advanced oxidation process

The microwave enhanced advanced oxidation process (MW/H₂O₂-AOP) was used to treat separated solid dairy manure for nutrient release and solids reduction. The MW/H₂O₂-AOP was conducted at a microwave temperature of 120°C for 10 minutes, and at three pH conditions of 3.5, 7.3 and 12. The hydrogen peroxide dosage at approximately 2 mL per 1% TS for a 30 mL sample was used in this study, reflecting a range of 0.53–0.75 g H₂O₂/g dry sludge. The results indicated that substantial quantities of nutrients could be released into the solution at pH of 3.5. However, at neutral and basic conditions only volatile fatty acids and soluble chemical oxygen demand could be released. The analyses on orthophosphate, soluble chemical oxygen demands and volatile fatty acids were re-examined for dairy manure. It was found that the orthophosphate concentration for untreated samples at a higher % total solids (TS) was suppressed and lesser than actual. To overcome this difficulty, the initial orthophosphate concentration had to be measured at 0.5% TS.     

基于排队论的城市垃圾箱最佳间距研究

针对城市垃圾箱最佳间距的研究不够精细的现状,本文通过建立排队论模型得到了可供不同城市参考的城市垃圾箱最佳间距参数表。通过对部分城市街道的垃圾箱摆放间距情况进行实地调查,运用层次分析法将影响垃圾箱间距分布的多重因素转化为单因素;建立了基于指数分布的数学模型,利用排队论分析单因素状态下的垃圾箱间距分布,得到了求解城市垃圾箱最佳间距的一般方法。     

UNITANK工艺在城镇污水处理厂的应用

广东省某城镇污水处理厂采用UNITANK新工艺,在项目的运行中,根据具体情况采取了较为有效的应对措施,克服了该工艺应用于大型污水处理厂的不足,运行效果良好,出水水质稳定,达到国家一级B排放标准。     

无机陶瓷膜处理冷轧厂乳化液废水工艺

通过对冷轧厂乳化液(含油)废水处理方法的对比,说明处理该废水采用无机陶瓷膜处理装置完全可行;介绍了无机陶瓷膜处理冷轧厂乳化液(含油)废水的工艺过程及处理系统组成。     

好氧+物化组合工艺处理甲醇废水的工程应用研究

通过邳州某二甲醚生产企业的工程实例,介绍了好氧＋物化组合工艺在处理甲醇废水中的应用。该工艺具有处理设施运行稳定、处理效果好的优点,系统出水水质能够达到国家循环冷却水系统补充水水质标准的排放要求,可对二甲醚生产行业的废水处理有一定参考价值。     

基于核心企业视角的虚拟生态工业园构建分析

虚拟生态工业园(VEIP)是一种基于循环经济的新型的大循环生态工业组织形式,是对实体生态工业园的补充和扩展.而核心企业作为VEIP的组建者,是整个园区日常运营的信息指挥中枢,对VEIP的成功运营至关重要.分析了核心企业的内涵和应具备的特质,然后从核心企业的视角出发,给出了核心企业构建VEIP的一般流程,并阐述了核心企业在VEIP构建过程中的主要职能.     

采用水解酸化-复合好氧处理制药工业废水的工艺评价

以制药工业综合废水处理为例对其采用的两级水解酸化复合好氧工艺的处理效果进行评估。按常规指标进行评估,该工艺对于制药综合废水的处理效果达到了设计目的,COD去除率可达到78.2%以上,NH+4-N的去除率达到99.3%,出水质量基本满足"污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)"二级标准和"辽宁省污水综合排放标准(DB21.1627-2008)";急性毒性的检测表明,经过该工艺处理后出水为低毒性;三维荧光谱分析(EEM)表明,制药综合废水经生物处理后的可溶性有机物中仍然存在难降解物质,建议增加物化处理以提高处理效果;并且制药废水经处理后的出水中的盐度对排入的生态系统存在风险,建议纳入排放标准以加强管理。     

三江源区气候及水文变化特征研究

以1961~2007年三江源区的气象及径流资料为基础,采用M K法和R/S分析法分析三江源区气候及水文要素变化趋势及进行未来变化趋势预测,并采用主成分分析法判定径流过程的主要驱动要素。研究表明:三江源区气温普遍显著升高,水面蒸发和地温随着气温的升高也不断增加,降水的增加并不显著,而年径流尤其是夏秋季节径流存在明显减小的趋势。R/S分析结果表明气候和水文要素未来总体的变化趋势与过去一致。三江源区径流过程是由气温起主导作用,径流对气温变化较降水变化更为敏感。本研究将为三江源区水资源开发利用及优化配置提供科学借鉴,同时为三江源区的生态建设和保护提供参考依据