Purification and Properties of a Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase From Penicillium sp.

An extracellular poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase was purified from a Penicillium sp. DS9701-09a by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 37.9-folds higher than that of the culture supernatant and the recovery yield was 11.8%. The PHB deploymerase molecular mass was 44.8 kDa from analysis of both Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The isoelectric point of 6.7 for the enzyme was determined by a two-dimensional electrophoresis. The optimum enzyme activity was observed at a temperature of 50 °C and pH 5.0. The apparent K _m of the enzyme was found to be 1.35 mg/mL. The PHB depolymerase consisted of 16 kinds of normal amino acids. The secondary structure of the enzyme was determined by CD spectrum. α-helix and β-turn were found to be 66% and 34% for the enzyme without ammonium sulphite. Chemical inhibition on the PHB depolymerase activity was examined and EDTA was found to have a significantly inhibitory effect.     

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.     

山区发展与特色经济研究--以湖北省恩施自治州为例

以湖北省恩施自治州为例，探讨了山区发展特色经济的重要途径。对其资源环境结构与产业结构作了对应分析，得出该区经济发展的优势在“山林”，而不在“耕地”，在地方“特色资源”，而不在“大众资源”。并采取经济区位商法，对本区众多资源进行了优势评价。根据其资源优势特点，指出恩施的优势在“山上”，应走以“绿色农业”为基础、以轻型加工业为主的发展道路，使本地区的经济结构由长期以来的一、二、三产业低位的传统排序逐步变为高层面的二、一、三的新排序。构建符合山区特色的产业结构。     

成都市可持续发展水平空间分布特征

本文通过对成都市 8县 4市 3区的可持续发展静态指数计算 ,定量地表达了成都市各区县目前可持续发展状况的对比关系 ,分析造成这种格局的原因并提出相应对策     

我国人口问题与社会持续发展

本文分析了我国人口的主要特点和人口问题，指出人口问题已成为我国社会、经济发展的重要制约因素，进而论述了人口与资源、环境、经济协调发展的基本原理和宏观对策     

不同升温速率下模块装药的烤燃特性分析

目的 研究不同升温速率下模块装药烤燃特性的变化.方法 基于模块装药结构及其烤燃化学反应机理,提出基本假设,建立二维非稳态烤燃计算模型,通过数值模拟计算分析研究模块装药在不同工况下的烤燃特性.结果 在3.30、5.25、7.20 K/h的加热条件下,模块装药发生烤燃响应的着火温度分别为476.6、473.1、477.1 ...     

木材在不同放置角度下火蔓延特性的实验研究

选用厚度为2 mm与3 mm的木材,研究了可碳化固体可燃物在静止氛围中不同角度下的火蔓延特性.研究表明,在不同角度范围内火蔓延经历着熄灭、稳定燃烧、加速燃烧以及快速燃烧等变化过程.对两种厚度的木材火蔓延行为对比分析发现,在自然对流条件下,两种厚度木材的火蔓延极限角度分别为-5°,5°.另外,研究了试样上下表面火焰参数与火蔓延速度之间的关系.在10°＜α＜60°范围内,火蔓延速度计算值与实验值能较好拟合.     

Characteristics of speeders

OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of speeders, defined as drivers of vehicles traveling at least 15 mph above the posted speed limit and relatively faster than surrounding vehicles. METHODS: Vehicle speeds were recorded on 13 roads in Virginia with speed limits ranging from 40 to 55 mph. Speeders were compared with slower drivers, defined as drivers of adjacent vehicles traveling no more than 5 mph above the speed limit. License plates were used to identify vehicle owners; owners were inferred to have been driving if observed gender and estimated age matched those of the registered owner. For these drivers, information on exact driver age and gender, vehicle make and model, and driving record was obtained from the Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles. RESULTS: Five percent of the vehicles observed were traveling at least 15 mph above the limit, and 3% qualified as speeders, as defined in this study. Speeders were younger than drivers in the comparison group, drove newer vehicles, and had more speeding violations and other moving violations on their records. They also had 60% more crashes. DISCUSSION: Speeders are a high-risk group. Their speeding behavior is not likely to be controlled without vigorous, consistent enforcement, including the use of automated technology.     

矿用救生舱内二氧化碳净化特性研究

煤矿救生舱是在矿井下发生事故后保护被困矿工生存、等待救援的密闭舱室设备。在救援过程中,二氧化碳的处理是舱内空气净化系统的一项主要功能。本文对救生舱内二氧化碳净化装置的功率、吸收效率、药剂床层厚度等因素进行了一系列试验,确定了救生舱二氧化碳的最优净化方式,并通过救生舱内真人生存试验对其进行了验证。最终得出救生舱内处理二氧化碳最佳反应条件为:药剂量20kg,最佳功率为100W;间歇式工作的运行时间与停机时间比例为2:3;在救生舱内8人生存模拟实验中,得出8kg药剂可供8人使用6.1h,平均吸收速率为1.34L/min。     

李家峡水库蓄水后区域地震活动特征及危险性分析

根据李家峡水库地震台网1998-2002年的地震目录,分析了水库蓄水后库坝区和周边研究区的地震活动特征,并对未来水库地震的危险性进行了定量评价.分析结果表明:李家峡水库蓄水以来,库坝区90%的地震为0.0～1.9级的弱小地震,且地震活动与水库水位有关,相对于水位升高存在5～7个月的滞后期;研究区以1.0～1.9级地震为主,地震活跃程度呈间息式变化,地震月频次呈阶跃式变化.应用经验判别法的预测结果表明,未来李家峡水库库坝区存在诱发5级以上灾害性地震的危险性,最大震级在5.0～5.4级之间.