TBM 在不良地质地段的安全通过技术

主要论述了TBM (隧道掘进机 )安全通过不良地质地段的方法步骤及辅助措施 ,并介绍了坍塌、岩爆、涌水、软弱地层、膨胀性围岩等常见不良地质情况 ,对TBM施工安全的影响及相应处理措施 ,以供工程技术人员参考。     

矿井通风系统与耗散结构理论

把通风系统看成一个开放系统 ,利用耗散结构理论 ,对通风系统的耗散条件和耗散行为进行研究 ,得到了通风系统稳定工作的条件以及通风参量与非平衡相变的关系 ,为矿井通风系统优化和日常通风管理工作提供指导 ,同时为通风系统数值模拟的参数选定提供理论依据。通过对耗散参量的研究 ,认识通风系统中参数作用方式 ,了解系统有序相变临界耗散趋势 ,理解整个通风系统的演化规律。     

柑橘皮中果胶提取条件的研究

利用酸性水解乙醇沉淀法提取果胶,分别测定了不同的浸泡时间、酸碱度及水解温度对果胶产率的影响.结果表明:浸泡时间与水解时间过长或过短,酸碱度及水解温度过高或过低,果胶的产率均不高,只有浸泡时间在2h左右、水解时间在2～2.5h、pH在2～3之间、水解温度在80～95℃时果胶的得率最大.     

Water transport in polylactic acid (PLA), PLA/ polycaprolactone copolymers, and PLA/polyethylene glycol blends

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a hydrolytically degradable aliphatic polyester, and water vapor permeability may have a significant influence on the rate of degradation. A method is devised to use bags prepared from PLA films and filled with molecular sieves to determine the water vapor permeability in the polymer, its copolymers with caprolactone, and blends with polyethylene glycol. The “solution-diffusion” model is used to determine the permeability parameters. These include the solubility coefficient,S, a measure of the equilibrium water concentration available for hydrolysis and the diffusion coefficient,D, which characterizes the rate of water vapor diffusion into the film under specific conditions. Values ofS andD at 50‡C and 90% relative humidity ranged from 400 × 10^-6 to 1000 × 10^-6 cm³ (STP)/(cm³ Pa) and 0.20 × 10^-6 to 1.0 × 10^-6 cm²/s, respectively. TheS andD coefficients were also measured at 20 and 40‡C and compared to those of other polymers. The degree of crystallinity was found to have little influence on the measured permeability parameters. The heat of sorption, δH_S, and the activation energy of diffusion, E_D, were used to show that the permeability process is best described by the “water cluster” model for hydrophobic polymers. Finally, the diffusion coefficient is used to compare the rate of water diffusion to the rate of water consumption by ester hydrolysis. Results indicate that hydrolytic degradation of PLA is reaction-controlled.     

Trail Impacts in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park,Nepal: A Logistic Regression Analysis

A trail study was conducted in the Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park, Nepal, during 1997–1998. Based on that study, this paper examines the spatial variability of trail conditions and analyzes factors that influence trail conditions. Logistic regression (multinomial logit model) is applied to examine the influence of use and environmental factors on trail conditions. The assessment of trail conditions is based on a four-class rating system: (class I, very little damaged; class II, moderately damaged, class III, heavily damaged; and class IV, severely damaged). Wald statistics and a model classification table have been used for data interpretation. Results indicate that altitude, trail gradient, hazard potential, and vegetation type are positively associated with trail condition. Trails are more degraded at higher altitude, on steep gradients, in areas with natural hazard potential, and within shrub/grassland zones. Strong correlations between high levels of trail degradation and higher frequencies of visitors and lodges were found. A detailed analysis of environmental and use factors could provide valuable information to park managers in their decisions about trail design, layout and maintenance, and efficient and effective visitor management strategies. Comparable studies on high alpine environments are needed to predict precisely the effects of topographic and climatic extremes. More refined approaches and experimental methods are necessary to control the effects of environmental factors.     

地热水在矿山深部岩体单一裂隙中的渗流规律分析

选取PKN模型进行岩体裂隙地热水对流换热量的研究,计算了地热水在裂隙内的对流换热量,通过将裂隙截面展开求解对流换热面积,根据牛顿冷却定律计算得出对流换热量;由裂隙张开度的变化量计算岩体裂隙的渗流量,结果表明,在三维应力一定的条件下,岩体裂隙内地热水的渗流量随裂隙倾角变化而变化。从矿山中选取典型岩样进行加工,使之成为200 mm×100 mm×200 mm的标准岩样。试验结果表明,在裂隙倾角α=0°的情况下,裂缝的渗流量随β增加逐渐减小,并且在随β增加到90°的过程中趋于稳定,表明岩体裂缝为水平裂缝时渗流量最小,维持在一个稳定值;在α=90°的情况下,裂缝的渗流量随β增加逐渐增大,在β增加到90°的过程中,裂缝慢慢变为垂直裂缝,渗流量的变化也趋于缓和,增加到一个稳定值。     

水解-接触氧化-气浮-生物碳工艺处理高浓度印染废水工程实例

采用水解 接触氧化 气浮 生物碳工艺处理印染废水 ,设计规模为 14 4 0m3 d。总排放口水质为 :pH =6 98,CODCr=83mg L ,BOD5=2 3 5mg L ,SS=5 3mg L ,色度 =4 0倍。     

Phenotypic nutrient up-take differences in an alley cropping system in semi-arid Machakos, Kenya

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅＦｉｆｔｈＦｒａｍｅｗｏｒｋＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎＣｏｍｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ(ＥＣ,1999),ｕｎｄｅｒ“ｔｏｏｌｓｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ”,ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙａｓｐｅｃｉａｌｃａｌｌｆｏｒｐｒｏｐｏｓａｌｓｆｏｒ“Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｆｏｒｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅｐｌａｎｔａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ:ｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｂｌｏｃｋｓｆｏｒｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ(ｆｏｒｓｍａｌｌｓｃａｌｅｏｒｅｎｖｉｒ…     

渤海湾南部沿岸海区1992—1995年结冰特征与分析

本文对渤海湾南部沿岸海区１９９２－１９９５年冬季现场海冰的实测资料进行了分析总结，探讨研究了该海区海冰的外貌特征，冰情特性及生消变化情况，并对影响该海区冰情的最重要因素－气温与海冰的关系进行了分析。     

华北农牧交错带夏季降水变率及其与前期下垫面热力状况的关系

华北农牧交错带夏季降水有很大的变率 ,频繁的干旱对农牧业生产有严重影响。论文分析了1880年以来的夏季降水变化特征 ,近百年来农牧交错带夏季降水有明显的阶段性。功率谱分析显示有35年左右的周期。年代际尺度的波动是干湿变化的重要背景。以250mm等雨量线表示的农牧交错带南北位置也有明显的年际和年代际的变化 ,在1978年以前和以后的两段时期 ,平均位置有显著的差别 ,前后平均有大约1.5个纬度的变化。农牧交错带夏季降水与前期春季亚欧地区大范围的温度异常有较好的关系。印度和巴基斯坦及相邻印度洋地区是显著的正相关区 ;亚洲西部的内陆地区是显著的负相关区。这两个地区春季的温度能解释农牧交错带夏季降水方差的15 %左右。