污泥热化学处理研究进展

由于传统污泥处置技术存在局限性,污泥热化学处理技术更具有应用前景。综述了近几年国内外污泥热化学处理技术的研究进展,在此基础上介绍了污泥热解、污泥气化及污泥超临界水气化3种污泥处理技术,归纳了温度、升温速率、催化剂等因素对3种污泥热化学处理技术污泥处置后产物特性、尤其是富氢气体产物的影响规律,简明阐述了不同污泥热化学处理方式的特点,对比了3种热化学处理方法的差异。还介绍了污泥热解、气化技术的工业实例和一般工艺流程,分析了不同处置技术存在的问题,对今后污泥高效利用提出了建议。     

一种污泥半静态强制通风堆肥系统的设计

为了提高堆肥效率,设计了一套半静态强制通风堆肥系统,并对其进行了堆肥应用试验。研究表明,该堆肥系统各部件设计较为合理,堆肥实验进程顺利,升温迅速,通风、保温等系统运行良好,堆肥产品腐熟度较好,性质稳定。     

The composting potential of different organic solid wastes: experience from the island of Crete

For the past 20 years, the National Foundation for Agricultural Research in Crete and the School of Agricultural Technology of the Technological and Educational Institute of Crete have been involved in a number of research and development activities, related to the production and evaluation of compost derived from a variety of local solid, mainly agricultural organic wastes. Materials such as olive press cake, olive tree leaves (OTL) and branches, vine branches (VB), pressed grape skins (PGS), pig manure (PM), sewage sludge and the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) have been evaluated for their behaviour during composting, their compatibility in mixtures and the quality of the end product. The quality evaluation included both a detailed physiochemical (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nutrients concentration, heavy metal concentration, etc.) and biological analyses (pathogenic microorganisms). It also included an agronomic evaluation, in which composts were used either as a soil amendment or as a component for substrates in open air or covered (greenhouse) cultivation mainly of local vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.). All materials were composted successfully, especially when mixed. The end products contained large amounts of organic matter, usually combined with an increased EC value. Pressed grape skins should be considered as the ideal raw material, producing a high quality compost, with the lowest EC value (1.57 mS cm(-1)) and the largest organic matter concentration (84.50%), compared to all other materials. When any of the produced compost was used in a ratio of 30% by volume (v/v), it increased plant growth, whereas in larger volumes, it presented phytotoxic behaviour, inhibiting both root and shoot development.     

皂角苷和柠檬酸联合对市政污泥中重金属的去除与风险评价

污泥的重金属污染严重制约其资源化利用,为探讨皂角苷和柠檬酸联合淋洗去除污泥中重金属的效果,为污泥的资源化利用提供理论依据,以武汉市4个市政污泥样品(S1、S2、S3、S4)为研究对象,选取1％的皂角苷和0.1 mol/L的柠檬酸联合淋洗1?4次,对淋洗前后污泥中重金属Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd和Cr的含量和形态进行了...     

Isolation and characterization of a strain with high microbial attachment in aerobic granular sludge

Aerobic granule is a special microbial aggregate associated with biofilm structure. The formation of aerobic granular sludge is primarily depending on its bacterial community and relevant microbiological properties. In this experiment, a strain with high microbial attachment was isolated from aerobic granular sludge, and the detailed characteristics were examined. Its high attachment ability could reach 2.34 (OD_600nm), while other low attachment values were only around 0.06-0.32, which indicated a big variation among the different bacteria. The strain exhibited a very special morphology with many fibric fingers under SEM observation. A distinctive behaviour was to form a spherical particle by themselves, which would be very beneficial for the formation and development of granular sludge. The EPS measurement showed that its PN content was higher than low attachment bacteria, and 3D-EEM confirmed that there were some different components. Based on the 16S rRNA analysis, it was identified to mostly belong to Stenotrophomonas. Its augmentation to particle sludge cultivation demonstrated that the strain could significantly promote the formation of aerobic granule. Conclusively, it was strongly suggested that it might be used as a good and potential model strain or chassis organism for the aerobic granular sludge formation and development.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal upon the addition of volatile fatty acids from activated sludge by combining calcium peroxide and low-thermal pretreatments

This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO₂ pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO₂/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China.     

2种生态植草沟对路面径流净化效果的对比

将铝污泥生物填料与台阶型植草沟相结合,构建台阶型生态植草沟系统,现场比较台阶型生态植草沟和常规生态植草沟对路面径流的净化效果。结果表明:在2次降雨(大雨、中雨)事件中,台阶型生态植草沟径流量削减效果优于常规植草沟,径流总量削减率分别为63.04%和55.21%,峰值流量显著降低,峰值时间至少延迟24~30 min;台阶型生态植草沟具有较好的水质控制及污染负荷削减效果,对径流中SS、COD_Cr、NH₃-N、TN和TP浓度削减率分别可达79.54%、67.08%、34.75%、63.61%和78.36%,对总量削减率分别可达92.44%、87.83%、74.29%、84.45%和90.31%,出流水质均优于GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类水质标准。台阶型生态植草沟对路面径流可取得较好的水质控制及污染负荷削减效果,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

磁性铁基改性生物炭去除水中氨氮

氨氮的过度排放是水体富营养化的一个重要原因.然而,随着环境法规的日益严格,传统方法处理效果难以达到要求.吸附法因高效、安全等优点近年来开始应用于去除水中的氨氮.本研究中以共沉淀法将磁性铁基材料负载到市政污泥生物炭上,结果表明其对水中氨氮有良好的去除效果.80℃下合成的材料(MB80)在293 K下对氨氮的饱和吸附量可达...     

曝气量和盐度对硝化型颗粒污泥脱氮速率及粒径分布的影响

采用SBR反应器,在交替缺氧/好氧模式下处理低C/N生活污水,考察曝气量、盐度对短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥脱氮速率及粒径分布的影响.结果表明,在25℃、pH为7.5～8.0条件下,当进水NH4+-N为65 mg·L-1时,控制曝气量分别为8.75、12.50和16.25 L·h-1·L-1,在第35、24和23个周期时NH4...     

基于臭氧旁路处理的污泥原位减量技术工艺

探究基于臭氧旁路处理的污泥原位减量技术在不同臭氧含量以及不同污泥龄条件下的工艺参数和污泥性质.本研究发现75 mg?g-1(以O3/MLVSS计)为实现污泥减量并维持污水处理系统正常处理能力较为适宜的臭氧含量,该含量下的臭氧旁路处理后污泥产率系数Yh从0.331 g?g-1减少到0.326 g?g-1,衰减系数Kd从0...