BiOBr分子印迹材料的制备及其降解诺氟沙星性能

为了有效处理低浓度抗生素残留废水,以水热法制备的BiOBr为载体,诺氟沙星（NOR）为模板,通过表面分子印迹法制备了BiOBr分子印迹材料（MIP）.同时,采用SEM与XRD对制备的材料进行相分析及显微结构分析,并利用XPS、FTIR、BET和UV-Vis DRS对所合成材料的微观结构进行观察.最后,以诺氟沙星（NOR）为目标污染物,对MIP在暗反应下的吸附性能及300 W Xe灯照射下的光催化性能进行测定,并探讨pH、投加量、初始浓度、是否印迹处理对NOR去除的影响.实验结果表明,在pH为中性,MIP投加量为2.5 g·L^-1的条件下,MIP对5 mg·L^-1 NOR溶液的去除率达到96.2%,且对低浓度（1 mg·L^-1）NOR溶液的去除率达到99%.综合表明,本文所制备的MIP适用于低浓度诺氟沙星废水的处理.     

浙江发酵制药大气污染物排放标准制订研究

该研究分析了浙江省发酵制药行业主要大气污染物的排放状况,识别出了发酵制药行业使用的主要有机溶剂,其中丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇和乙醇是该行业使用频率最高的4种有机溶剂,并得到了行业的挥发性有机污染物的成分谱。评估了发酵制药企业大气污染防治现状,并对行业大气污染防治以及环境管理等方面存在的问题进行了深入剖析。最后从发酵制药企业内部污染防治、完善行业环境监管的角度提出了发酵制药行业污染防治的基本对策和制订地方发酵制药行业大气污染物排放标准的基本思路。     

粗放型绿色屋顶对多环芳烃的控制效果

构建4个粗放型绿色屋顶中试设施,考察不同基质组成的设施在实际降雨条件下出水中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)质量浓度并与降雨、沥青屋面径流、空白对照设施的出水进行对比.结果表明,8场监测降雨事件中,4种模拟屋面设施出流PAHs的平均质量浓度分别为145、166、151、160 ng·L~(-1),沥青屋面和空白对照设施出流PAHs的平均质量浓度分别为900 ng·L-1和270 ng·L~(-1),4个模拟设施出流PAHs质量浓度显著低于沥青屋面和空白对照设施;从质量负荷控制的角度,4个模拟设施均能有效控制屋面径流PAHs负荷,与空白屋面相比,平均负荷削减率为71.76%.绿色屋顶对PAHs的去除机制以基质材料的截留及吸附为主,同样基质配比的情况下,增加基质层厚度,能改善设施对PAHs的去除效果.将传统沥青屋面改造为粗放型绿色屋顶,有助于控制屋面径流PAHs排放.     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of -pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysisexperiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limitedexperiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments andrecorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particlesizer (SMPS), and α-pinene consumed was measured using GC-FID. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) produced for seed-free systemis 100% organic in content, resulting from a sufficient supersaturation of low volatility organics to produce homogeneous nucleationfollowed by condensation to the aerosol. Secondary organic aerosol produced in seeded system is a mixture of organic and inorganicconstituents, initially forms via condensation onto the inorganic particles, and subsequent growth occurs via absorption into the organicsurface coating the inorganic core. Although the formation process and the size distribution for seed-free system and seeded system isdifferent, the ultimate mass of SOA formed is equal, and SOA yield for the two system located in the same regression line when usingone-product model, suggesting that the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed has no measurable effect on the total aerosol yield, and the dry seed particle acts solely as a site upon which organic deposition occurs.     

内蒙古锡林河流域土壤呼吸的温度敏感性

2004年9月～2005年9月对内蒙古锡林河流域4种草地类型的土壤呼吸速率及相关水热因子进行了野外测定,应用2种数学模型和不同温度指标对草地土壤呼吸的温度敏感性问题进行了探讨.结果表明,Van′tHoff模型对温度变化较为敏感,显示出冬季的Q₁₀值明显大于夏季的特征,应用Arrhenius模型求算的不同季节的Q₁₀值变化不大.在>5℃时,Q₁₀值的变动范围,Van′tHoff模型为1.60～2.03,Arrhenius模型为1.48～1.67,略高于全球平均值;2种模型均对水分的变化比较敏感,表现为Q₁₀值随土壤水分的降低而升高的趋势.     

Removal of Cu(II) from acidic electroplating effluent by biochars generated from crop straws

The removal efficiency of copper(Cu(Ⅱ)) from an actual acidic electroplating effluent by biochars generated from canola,rice,soybean and peanut straws was investigated.The biochars simultaneously removed Cu(Ⅱ) from the effluent,mainly through the mechanisms of adsorption and precipitation,and neutralized its acidity.The removal efficiency of Cu(Ⅱ) by the biochars followed the order:peanut straw char > soybean straw char > canola straw char > rice straw char a commercial activated carbonaceous material,which is consistent with the alkalinity of the biochars.The pH of the effluent was a key factor determining the removal efficiency of Cu(Ⅱ) by biochars.Raising the initial pH of the effluent enhanced the removal of Cu(Ⅱ) from it.The optimum pyrolysis temperature was 400°C for producing biochar from crop straws for acidic wastewater treatment,and the optimum reaction time was 8 hr.     

西安市PM2.5健康损害价值评估

选取2014、2015、2016年冬季PM_(2.5)(24 h)浓度平均值,采用泊松回归模型评价全市居民连续3 a冬季PM_(2.5)暴露的急性健康损害效应,修正的人力资本法评估过早死亡经济损失,疾病成本法评估住院、患病与门诊经济损失.结果表明,研究时段内(2014、2015、2016年冬季)由PM_(2.5)造成的经济损失约为335.23亿元(95%CI:249.61~369.75)、211.05亿元(95%CI:135.60~268.80)、371.32亿元(95%CI:272.46~411.64),分别约占当年GDP的6.10%(4.54%~6.73%)、3.64%(2.34%~4.63%)、5.91%(4.34%~6.55%);健康经济损失与当年冬季PM_(2.5)浓度均值呈正相关关系;PM_(2.5)污染物对西安市常住人口健康影响显著,影响的病例(2014、2015、2016年)分别约为1 071 338例(95%CI:646 432~1 385 847)、438 273例(95%CI:246 842~599 989)、1 019 503例(95%CI:611 407~1 324 547);对哮喘儿童患者的影响比成人显著,而慢性支气管炎的影响成人比儿童显著.该研究可为西安市实施PM_(2.5)空气质量标准的成本效益分析提供科学的依据,为环境质量的管理提供参考.     

Emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a circulating fluidized bed combustor during co-firing coal and biomass

This paper presents the experimental investigations of the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O in a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor for coal combustion and co-firing coal and biomass. The thermal capacity of the combustor is 30 kW. The setup is electrically heated during startup. The influence of the excess air, the degree of the air staging, the biomass share and the feeding position of the fuels on the emissions of SO2, NO and N2O were studied. The results showed that an increase in the biomass shares resulted in an increase of the CO concentration in the flue gas, probably due to the high volatile content of the biomass. In co-firing, the emission of SO2 increased with increasing biomass share slightly, however, non-linear increase relationship between SO2 emission and fuel sulfur content was observed. Air staging significantly decreased the NO emission without raising the SO2 level. Although the change of the fuel feeding position from riser to downer resulted in a decrease in the NO emission level, no obvious change was observed for the SO2 level. Taking the coal feeding position R as a reference, the relative NO emission could significantly decrease during co-firing coal and biomass when feeding fuel at position D and keeping the first stage stoichiometry greater than 0.95. The possible mechanisms of the sulfur and nitrogen chemistry at these conditions were discussed and the ways of simultaneous reduction of SO2, NO and N2O were proposed.     

聚糖原菌富集实验及其内源过程探究

细胞衰减是微生物内源过程的一个重要组成部分,可分为由细胞死亡引起的数量衰减和由细胞活性降低引起的活性衰减两部分.通过挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）吸收速率(VFAUR)测定、荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）以及LIVE/DEAD细胞染色技术,研究了富集聚糖原菌（GAOs）在序批式反应器（SBR）系统中好氧环境下的衰减特征.结果表明,当T=30℃、进料中m(COD)∶m(P)=100时,SBR系统中GAOs富集比例达94%.测定和计算表明,SBR富集系统中GAOs衰减速率和死亡速率分别为0.132 d^-1和0.034 d^-1,其数量衰减和活性衰减占其细胞总衰减比例分别为26%和74%.可见,GAOs数量衰减只占其细胞总衰减中很小一部分,而绝大部分衰减由活性衰减所引起.     

细河污泥填埋渗滤液现状及处理方法研究

细河污泥含重金属和复杂有机污染物,填埋处理后产生的渗滤液会含一定量污染物质,对渗滤液的污染水平和污染特征进行了研究,对处理方法进行了比较和筛选,从而为渗滤液的最终无害化处理提供了参考依据。