天然沸石定向合成A型分子筛及其脱氮性能

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氨问题,以河南巩义的天然沸石为起始原料,采用常压水热合成方法,选用4种不同的工艺方案合成A型分子筛,并对合成产物的吸附氨氮性能及其纯度、晶体结构、形貌特征、孔隙率等材料结构特征进行分析与表征,探讨天然沸石制备高效脱氨分子筛的合成方法.结果表明：与直接碱溶法制备硅源相比,碱熔融活化法对沸石原料硅的利用率较高,硅源纯化合成方案产物的氨氮吸附性能显著得到改善,平衡吸附量达20mg/g以上;其晶体形貌规整有序、杂质含量低、孔道通畅,有利于吸附扩散与传质过程.综合考虑硅源制备能耗、物耗及合成产物吸附性能,天然沸石合成A型分子筛适宜的工艺方案为碱溶纯化合成法.     

巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中生长条件优化研究

选用巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megatherium)作为实验菌种,以餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液为发酵培养基制作解磷液态菌肥。将巨大芽孢杆菌接种于餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养并确定最佳发酵时间,考察初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例对活菌数的影响。结果表明:巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中最佳发酵时间为36 h,发酵最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量和脱出液与水的混合比例分别为7.5、2%、30℃、210 r/min、50 m L(250 m L锥形瓶)和1∶1。巨大芽孢杆菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养后可达到农业部规定的液态菌肥的活菌数(2×108cfu/m L)标准。     

Rapid synthesis of Ti-MCM-41 by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method towards photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline

This study employed microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize Ti-MCM-41,which are mesoporous materials with a high surface area and excellent photocatalytic ability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy(UV–Vis) were employed. The XRD findings showed that Ti-MCM-41 exhibited a peak at 2θ of 2.2°, which was attributed to the hexagonal MCM-41 structure. The BET(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) results agreed with the TEM findings that Ti-MCM-41 has a pore size of about 3–5 nm and a high surface area of 883 m~2/g. FTIR results illustrated the existence of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Ti bonds in Ti-MCM-41. The appearance of Ti2 p peaks in the XPS results confirmed the FTIR findings that the Ti was successfully doped into the MCM-41 structure. Zeta(ζ)-potential results indicated that the iso-electric point(IEP) of Ti-MCM-41 was at about pH 3.02. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline(OTC) at different pH was investigated under Hg lamp irradiation(wavelength 365 nm). The rate constant(K′_(obs)) for OTC degradation was 0.012 min-1at pH 3. Furthermore, TOC(total organic carbon) and high resolution LC–MS(liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted to elucidate the possible intermediate products and degradation pathway for OTC. The TOC removal efficiency of OTC degradation was 87.0%, 74.4% and 50.9% at pH 3, 7 and 10, respectively. LC–MS analysis results showed that the degradation products from OTC resulted from the removal of functional groups from the OTC ring.     

Preparation and characterization of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts via microwave-hydrothermal method

The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnS hybrid nanocomposite was largely higher than that of the mere ZnO or ZnS nanoparticles, but the complicated procedure and misdistribution of final products limited its large-scale productions. The exploration of a novel synthesis route of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is becoming a crucial step for the large-scale application of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalytic technique. Preparation and characterization of nanosized ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts were studied in this paper. The photocatalysts were obtained via microwave-hydrothermal crystallization with the help of sodium citrate. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that so-synthesized ZnO/ZnS samples consisted of the high pure cubic (sphalerite) ZnS and hexagonal ZnO nanocrystallines with a narrow particle size distribution. The possible formation mechanisms of ZnO/ZnS nanocrystallines were mainly attributed to the superficially protective effect of citrate. The photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the ZnO/ZnS photocatalysts exhibited a higher catalytic activity for the degradation of acid fuchsine than other monocomponents.     

Novel Fe/glass composite adsorbent for As(V) removal

An effective adsorbent for arsenic removal was synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of waste glass powder (GP), followed by loading Fe(Ⅲ) oxyhydroxide onto the surface of waste glass powder. The ≡Si-O-H group was formed on the surface of GP and the specific surface area of GP powder was slightly increased after hydrothermal treatment. FeOOH was loaded onto the surface of hydrothermally treated waste glass powder (HGP) by the hydrolysis of FeCl3. The formation conditions of FeOOH were also investigated. The...     

不同Cu交换分子筛脱除柴油机尾气中的NOx

以BEA、ZSM-5和SAPO-34分子筛为载体,采用离子交换法制备了用于柴油机尾气中氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx的Cu改性分子筛催化剂.采用XRF、ICP、H2-TPR、和NH3-TPD等表征对催化剂样品的理化特性进行了分析.结果表明,分子筛类型影响铜交换量和铜物种的存在状态.借助H2-TPR和UV-Vis分析可以清晰地看出,在不同类型的分子筛上Cu的还原能力和配位环境明显不同.铜元素引入后,3类分子筛的SCR活性都有明显的改善.3种Cu-交换分子筛的抗高温水热老化能力却明显不同:老化的Cu-SAPO-34依然保持良好脱硝性能而老化的Cu-ZSM-5严重失活.     

新型可见光催化剂BiVO4降解中成药制药废水

以Bi（NO3）3.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法制备了新型可见光BiVO4催化剂,并用X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、红外光谱（IR）和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）对产品进行了结构表征,并将其应用于光催化降解中成药制药废水降解反应中,通过正交实验和单因素分析,考察了催化剂用量、空气流量、溶液pH值和助氧化剂H2O2对制药废水COD去除率、脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.41 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。对于经10倍稀释的制药废水,BiVO4添加量为2 g/L,通氧量为120 L/h,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为1 mL,不改变废水pH值,在400 W金属卤化物灯离液面11 cm照射反应180 min的条件下,制药废水的COD去除率为94.3%,脱色率为95.6%,得到了较好的降解。     

The effects of alkalinity and acidity of process water and hydrochar washing on the adsorption of atrazine on hydrothermally produced hydrochar

Hydrothermal carbonization of simulated food waste was performed at 250 °C for 20 h using deionized water (DI) and 0.01 N solutions of HCl, NaCl, and NaOH. The hydrochars produced were washed with acetone and the adsorptive capacity of the washed and unwashed hydrochars for atrazine were characterized. Using a generalized linear model, it was shown that the adsorptive capacity of the washed hydrochar was significantly higher than that of the unwashed hydrochars. The HCl processed unwashed hydrochar has a slightly higher adsorptive capacity compared to the DI processed hydrochar while both the NaOH processed washed and unwashed hydrochars were slightly lower than the corresponding DI processed hydrochars. ¹³C solid-state NMR results showed no discernible differences in surface functional groups among the washed hydrochars and among the unwashed hydrochars. A clear decrease in alkyl groups and an increase in aromatic/olefinic-C groups were observed after acetone washing. ¹H liquid-phase NMR showed carbon alkyl chains were present in the acetone wash. Interaction energies calculated using dispersion corrected density functional theory show that atrazine is more strongly adsorbed to surfaces without weakly associated alkyl groups.     

Resembling a “natural formation pattern” of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins by varying the experimental conditions of hydrothermal carbonization

Until several years ago dioxins were considered as just an unwanted by product of anthropogenic activities and stigmatized as the symbol of man-made environmental pollution. Natural processes, such as forest fires, can emit dioxins, but compared to industrial processes, usually very low quantities are emitted. However after a case of food contamination occurred in the United States of America in 1996 caused by kaolinitic clay a discussion on the provenience started. Besides the relatively high concentration also an unusual PCDD/F distribution pattern was found in these ball clay samples. This specific pattern related to none of the known anthropogenic sources for these contaminants and, in relation to a supposed natural formation, later it was named “natural formation pattern”. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can transform biomass within hours into a brown coal-like product which resembles naturally occurring coal formation. HTC can also transform an already present PCDD/F contamination in a way to obtain a “natural formation pattern” characterized by an unusual high ratio between 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD and the absence of almost all chlorinated dibenzofurans. By varying the experimental conditions of the HTC process applied to sewage sludge samples contaminated with PCDD/Fs from anthropogenic sources, beside the “natural formation pattern” at a temperatures of 255 °C, a remarkable increase of the toxicity based on WHO–TEQ was observed.     

Bi2WO6催化剂的合成和表征及其光催化活性

以Bi（NO3）3和Na2WO4为原料,采用水热法合成了可见光催化剂Bi2WO6,并采用X射线衍射仪和BET法对其进行了表征。考察了合成温度、Bi2WO6加入量、邻氯苯酚（2-CP）浓度、溶液pH等对2-CP光催化降解效果的影响。实验结果表明：在加入140℃下合成的Bi2WO6催化剂1g／L、原始pH（pH=5．85）、可见光光照210min的条件下,对质量浓度为20mg／L的2-CP溶液进行处理,2-CP去除率最高为97．2％;添加少量H2O2对2-CP的降解有促进作用。