污泥焚烧残渣水热合成NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石的性质研究

本文以污泥焚烧残渣为原料,以传统水热合成方法制得NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石,并对其相关指标进行表征．经x射线衍射、扫描电镜和红外光谱测定表明,制得的产物为无其它杂晶生成的NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石,且具有放射束片状晶体形貌和沸石骨架结构．与原污泥焚烧残渣相比,合成沸石的比表面积和阳离子交换容量提高了47倍、17倍,分别达到...     

水热合成温度对纳米TiO2特性及其可见光波段光催化性能的影响

以乙醇-丙酮-吡啶为溶剂，采用水热法制备了在可见光波段（≤450nm）具有良好光催化活性的纳米TiO2粉体,通过XRD、TEM、DTA、漫反射谱（DRS）与光电压谱等手段，研究了水热合成温度及250℃热处理对合成纳米TiO2粉体的材料特性，以及在可见光激发下纳米TiO2对甲基橙光催化降解的影响．结果显示，纳米TiO2晶型（锐钛矿）与粒径不随水热合成温度及热处理（250℃）条件的变化发生明显改变；各样品的表面吸附物状态以及可见光响应特性在未经热处理时随水热合成温度变化发生明显变化，而在经250℃热处理后则差异不明显；样品的表面吸附物状态、可见光响应以及可见光催化活性之间有显著关联，水热合成温度显著地影响了纳米TiO2粉体的表面吸附物状态及可见光催化活性。     

天津市典型生物质固体燃料锅炉NO、CO排放研究

针对实际运行条件下,国内生物质固体燃料燃烧过程中NO、CO排放研究不足,排放现状不清晰等问题,在天津地区选择了6台具有代表性的生物质固体燃料锅炉,在测试中燃烧其常用燃料,采用烟气分析仪Testo350对锅炉展开了气态排放研究,重点研究了其中5台生物质固体成型燃料锅炉在不同燃烧负荷下,NO和CO的排放情况,以及另1台捆烧式锅炉在正常工况下的排放情况。测试结果表明:6台生物质锅炉的NO排放浓度均在180 mg/m~3以上,CO排放浓度均高于500 mg/m~3。其中,3台炉型的固体成型燃料锅炉随着燃烧负荷的增大,NO排放浓度降低CO浓度升高,燃烧负荷控制在75%~80%可相对减少气态污染物NO、CO的排放,其余2台炉型NO、CO排放浓度随燃烧负荷的增大变化趋势与前3台相反,且燃烧负荷控制在95%左右为优;捆烧式锅炉NO排放浓度最低为182.9 mg/m~3,但CO排放浓度却高达2 243.6 mg/m~3。研究结果可为用生物质固体燃料锅炉的实际运行提供参考,从而优化生物质固态燃料的燃烧和排放。     

Rapid synthesis of Ti-MCM-41 by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method towards photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline

This study employed microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize Ti-MCM-41,which are mesoporous materials with a high surface area and excellent photocatalytic ability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy(UV–Vis) were employed. The XRD findings showed that Ti-MCM-41 exhibited a peak at 2θ of 2.2°, which was attributed to the hexagonal MCM-41 structure. The BET(Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) results agreed with the TEM findings that Ti-MCM-41 has a pore size of about 3–5 nm and a high surface area of 883 m~2/g. FTIR results illustrated the existence of Si–O–Si and Si–O–Ti bonds in Ti-MCM-41. The appearance of Ti2 p peaks in the XPS results confirmed the FTIR findings that the Ti was successfully doped into the MCM-41 structure. Zeta(ζ)-potential results indicated that the iso-electric point(IEP) of Ti-MCM-41 was at about pH 3.02. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline(OTC) at different pH was investigated under Hg lamp irradiation(wavelength 365 nm). The rate constant(K′_(obs)) for OTC degradation was 0.012 min-1at pH 3. Furthermore, TOC(total organic carbon) and high resolution LC–MS(liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted to elucidate the possible intermediate products and degradation pathway for OTC. The TOC removal efficiency of OTC degradation was 87.0%, 74.4% and 50.9% at pH 3, 7 and 10, respectively. LC–MS analysis results showed that the degradation products from OTC resulted from the removal of functional groups from the OTC ring.     

Preparation and characterization of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts via microwave-hydrothermal method

The photocatalytic performance of ZnO/ZnS hybrid nanocomposite was largely higher than that of the mere ZnO or ZnS nanoparticles, but the complicated procedure and misdistribution of final products limited its large-scale productions. The exploration of a novel synthesis route of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts with high catalytic performance is becoming a crucial step for the large-scale application of ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalytic technique. Preparation and characterization of nanosized ZnO/ZnS hybrid photocatalysts were studied in this paper. The photocatalysts were obtained via microwave-hydrothermal crystallization with the help of sodium citrate. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size distribution (PSD), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that so-synthesized ZnO/ZnS samples consisted of the high pure cubic (sphalerite) ZnS and hexagonal ZnO nanocrystallines with a narrow particle size distribution. The possible formation mechanisms of ZnO/ZnS nanocrystallines were mainly attributed to the superficially protective effect of citrate. The photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the ZnO/ZnS photocatalysts exhibited a higher catalytic activity for the degradation of acid fuchsine than other monocomponents.     

天然沸石定向合成A型分子筛及其脱氮性能

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氨问题,以河南巩义的天然沸石为起始原料,采用常压水热合成方法,选用4种不同的工艺方案合成A型分子筛,并对合成产物的吸附氨氮性能及其纯度、晶体结构、形貌特征、孔隙率等材料结构特征进行分析与表征,探讨天然沸石制备高效脱氨分子筛的合成方法.结果表明：与直接碱溶法制备硅源相比,碱熔融活化法对沸石原料硅的利用率较高,硅源纯化合成方案产物的氨氮吸附性能显著得到改善,平衡吸附量达20mg/g以上;其晶体形貌规整有序、杂质含量低、孔道通畅,有利于吸附扩散与传质过程.综合考虑硅源制备能耗、物耗及合成产物吸附性能,天然沸石合成A型分子筛适宜的工艺方案为碱溶纯化合成法.     

原料和制炭方式对生物炭吸附抗生素的影响

为研究原料和制炭方法对生物炭吸附抗生素性能的影响,选取芦苇、棉杆和竹柳,经限氧和曝氧法制备得到生物炭,研究其对土霉素（OTC）和磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）的吸附性能及其吸附机理.研究发现：物源特征和制炭方法共同决定了生物炭对抗生素的吸附功效.芦苇和棉秆宜采用限氧法制备成炭,竹柳宜采用曝氧法制备成炭;整体上以曝氧竹柳炭对抗生素的吸附性能最优,单一浓度（50mg/L）下,其对OTC和SMX的吸附量分别为11.98和10.12mg/g.批吸附实验和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,π-π EDA相互作用是竹柳炭吸附抗生素的主要机理.静电吸引有助于高pH值下曝氧竹柳炭对OTC的吸附,而孔隙填充可能对曝氧竹柳炭吸附SMX起到促进作用.曝氧竹柳炭对抗生素的吸附性能优于其他炭品,是去除水体抗生素的优选材料.     

水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波性能的影响

目的研究水热反应时间对氧化锌吸波性能的影响,以获得高性能吸波材料。方法通过控制水热反应时间,制备不同形貌的氧化锌半导体材料,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM等表征手段,分析水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料形貌及结构的影响。利用矢量网络分析仪测定该材料在2~18 GHz频率范围内的相对复介电常数和复磁导率,采用MATLAB模拟分析不同厚度下水热反应时间对氧化锌半导体材料吸波机制及吸波性能的影响。结果当水热反应时间为12 h时,氧化锌在高频率处可达到较好的吸波效果,最大回波损耗可达?52.86 dB。结论通过控制水热反应时间,可实现对氧化锌的形貌进行调控,进而得到吸波性能优异的氧化锌吸波材料。     

Ag3PO4/Cu-BiVO4 p-n异质结的制备及其增强可见光催化降解四环素性能

利用水热和原位沉淀法将Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒负载于Cu²⁺掺杂的单斜相BiVO₄微球上成功制备了Ag₃PO₄/Cu-BiVO₄异质结构, 并作为可见光下高效降解四环素(TC)的光催化剂.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、PL和EIS等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明, Cu²⁺和Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒的修饰增加了比表面积和可见光响应性能, 为催化反应提供更多的异质结界面活性点位.铋(Bi)/银(Ag)物质的量比为2:1的Ag₃PO₄/Cu-BiVO₄催化剂在120min内对TC (20mg/L)显示出最高的光催化性能(91.68%), 5次连续循环后降解率保持86.1%, 表现出优异的光催化活性和稳定性.结合捕获实验和电子自旋共振(ESR)光谱证实h⁺和·O₂^-为主要活性物种.光催化活性的增强主要归因于Cu-BiVO₄和Ag₃PO₄间p-n异质结构的形成和Cu²⁺掺杂的能带调控作用, 有效提高了光催化反应过程中载流子的分离和迁移效率.     

湿热-离心法分离餐厨废油脂

为了提高餐厨垃圾中废油脂分离回收效率,采用湿热-离心法分离餐厨废油脂,通过试验探讨了加热时间、温度以及离心转速等处理参数对餐厨废油脂分离回收效率的影响;同时,将其与湿热-重力法进行比较,以确定有利于餐厨废油脂分离回收的适宜工艺条件. 结果表明:湿热-离心法较湿热-重力法更有利于餐厨废油脂的分离;随着温度升高和加热时间延长,餐厨垃圾脱油性能呈上升趋势,温度越高,趋势越明显;120 ℃下湿热处理80 min,餐厨垃圾固相内部油脂液化浸出效果最佳,最佳离心转速为2 500 r/min时,餐厨垃圾废油脂分离回收率最高.