热液成矿流体中的有机物质

热液流体中的主要有机质包括腐殖物质（t＜50℃）、有机羧酸（t＝80～140℃）、原油（120～180℃）和水溶性甲烷气（180～300℃）。腐殖物质在初始矿源层形成中起重要作用，在腐殖酸缩合成干酪根过程中通过去氧而导致还原的成岩环境，从而有效地防止金属元素在初始矿源石化过程中的分散。有机羧酸是干酪很早期演化的必然产物，富含有机羧酸的油田卤水可以成为MVT铅锌矿的成矿流体。在一定成熟度范围内原油可能成为汞金热液流体的重要有机组分。水溶性甲烷气是铜、铀、金等中低温热液流体的重要有机组分。有机质演化的阶段性决定了相应热液流体中有机质的类型；此外沉积建造的类型、金属元素在油／卤之间分配系数差异和构造条件差异导致了金属矿化分异。     

Glucose production from hydrolysis of cellulose over a novel silica catalyst under hydrothermal conditions

A novel silica catalyst was synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method and tested for the catalytic selective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose. This silica catalyst exhibited a higher catalytic activity than other oxides prepared by the same method, such as ZrO₂, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃. Using silica as a catalyst, cellulose was selectively hydrolyzed into glucose with a glucose yield as high as 50% under hydrothermal conditions without hydrogen gas. The silica catalyst was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and textural properties indicated that the synergistic effect between strong acidity and a suitable pore diameter of the silica catalyst may be responsible for its high activity. In addition, the catalyst was recyclable and showed excellent stability during the recycle catalytic runs.     

热液中金的沉淀机理研究综述

金的沉淀机理是了解热液金矿床成矿机制的关键。本文总结了金从热液中沉淀机理的最新研究成果，介绍了各种主要含金配合物的溶解度拨制机制，阐述了矿物表面吸附／还原以及电化学富集等矿物表面作用对金沉淀行为的制约。     

水热法制备BiVO4及其可见光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水

以Bi(NO3)3•5H2O为铋源,NH4VO3为钒源,采用简单的水热法制备了BiVO4 光催化剂,并用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)对产品进行了结构表征。同时,在BiVO4光催化降解糖蜜酒精废水反应中考察了催化剂用量、通氧量、溶液pH值、双氧水用量及光照强度对糖蜜酒精废水脱色率的影响。实验结果表明,水热产品属于单斜晶系BiVO4,其带隙能为2.398 eV,并具有良好的可见光催化活性。当降解经30倍稀释的糖蜜酒精废水,BiVO4添加量为3.0 g•L−1 ,通氧量为120 L•h-1,助氧化剂H2O2添加量为9 %,不改变废水pH值,在400W镝灯离液面11cm照射反应180 min的条件下,糖蜜酒精废水的脱色率为88.60 %,COD去除率为25.84%,而添加5g•L−1的FeSO4•7H2O后其脱色率和COD去除率分别提高到90.90 %和91.26%。单斜晶型BiVO4晶体的可见光催化糖蜜酒精废水过程符合一级动力学反应。     

集雨种植下不同沟垄比对土壤呼吸的影响及其对水热因子的响应

为探明不同宽度沟垄集雨种植下土壤呼吸对土壤水热因子的响应机制,对比研究了沟垄比分别为20 cm∶40 cm(P40)、30 cm∶30 cm(P30)、40 cm∶20 cm(P20)的沟垄集雨种植和平作种植(CP)下冬小麦的土壤呼吸动态变化,及其与土壤温度和水分的关系.结果表明,4个处理的土壤呼吸速率在越冬期最低,返青期开始升高,扬花期前后达到峰值,之后逐渐降低.沟垄集雨处理土壤呼吸速率表现为P40P30P20,垄宽增加使呼吸速率提高1.2%~18.4%;苗期和越冬期,沟垄集雨种植提高了土壤呼吸速率,表现为P40P30P20CP,其中苗期3个沟垄集雨处理均显著高于CP(P0.05),越冬期P40处理显著高于CP;苗期和越冬期沟垄集雨种植提高了土壤温度,拔节期至成熟期CP土壤温度高于沟垄集雨处理;沟垄集雨种植能有效蓄水保墒,随着垄宽的增加集雨效果越好,苗期至拔节期降雨稀少,7.6 cm和12 cm土层土壤含水量均表现为P40P30P20CP.相关分析表明,土壤呼吸与温度的相关系数达极显著水平(P0.01),P40和P30的土壤呼吸与水分的相关系数小于P20和CP;水热双因子二次方程模型能解释呼吸变化的61.7%~74.1%,温度指数模型能解释50.3%~68.2%.本研究结果为沟垄集雨种植的生态效益评估提供理论依据.     

江西华齐铜多金属矿区含矿硅质岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

矿产远景地质调查过程中,在江西华齐铜多金属矿区发现含矿硅质岩.测试分析显示,区内硅质岩贫Al2O3、TiO2,Co、Cr等元素含量低,贫∑REE,δ(Eu)为负异常,δ(Ce)为弱正异常,HREE相对富集等热水沉积物的特征.在判别硅质岩形成的系列图解上,样品均指示热水沉积作用和大陆边缘环境,这与SiO2/Al2O3、SiO2/(K2O+Na2O)、SiO2/MgO、MnO/TiO2、K/Rb等特征值所指示的结果相一致.本区硅质岩地球化学特征及其对比结果说明该区域构造演化的复杂性.在元古代华南海槽构造演化中在华夏地块边缘发生断裂拉张,形成断陷盆地,并发生了热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用.本区硅质岩与成矿关系密切,研究硅质岩对于认识区域构造演化及寻找矿化体具有重要意义.     

Assessing the extinction risk of insular,understudied marine species

Hydrothermal vents are rare deep-sea oases that house faunal assemblages with a similar density of life as coral reefs. Only approximately 600 of these hotspots are known worldwide, most only one-third of a football field in size. With advancing development of the deep-sea mining industry, there is an urgent need to protect these unique, insular ecosystems and their specialist endemic faunas. We applied the IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature) Red List criteria to assess the extinction risk of vent-endemic molluscs with varying exposure to potential deep-sea mining. We assessed 31 species from three key areas under different regulatory frameworks in the Indian, West Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Three vent mollusc species were also examined as case studies of different threat contexts (protected or not from potential mining) to explore the interaction of local regulatory frameworks and IUCN Red List category assignment. We found that these assessments were robust even when there was some uncertainty in the total range of individual species, allowing assessment of species that have only recently been named and described. For vent-endemic species, regulatory changes to area-based management can have a greater impact on IUCN Red List assessment outcomes than incorporating additional data about species distributions. Our approach revealed the most useful IUCN Red List criteria for vent-endemic species: criteria B and D2. This approach, combining regulatory framework and distribution, has the potential to rapidly gauge assessment outcomes for species in insular systems worldwide.     

江西红山隐爆角砾岩-斑岩型铜矿床的成因

红山铜矿成矿流体δD在－52.7‰～-87.8‰,δ18OH2O在＋1‰～＋6‰，δ34SH2S在0～2.5‰之间。矿石钻同位素表明错主要来自岩浆岩，两阶段模式计算出第一阶段（Th／U）比值为4．21，第二阶段为3．82＝0．22。[CuCl2]是氨基络合物迁移的主要形式（α＝75％），少量以[CuCl3]2形式搬迁（α＝25％）。强调压力在隐爆角砾岩化发生前后的变化对成矿意义影响尤大。厘定了主成矿年龄在97.1～98．8Ma，最后提出了隐爆角砾岩－斑岩铜矿成岩成矿模式。     

云南个旧锡矿床成因研究综述

从成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征及地质发展史出发,依据矿石光片鉴定及鲕状黄铁矿电子探针分析,综合分析前人提出的岩浆热液成矿和热水沉积成矿的证据,认为个旧锡多金属矿床既存在热水沉积成矿作用,又有岩浆热液成矿作用,为热水沉积-岩浆热液叠生矿床。     

Investigation on activated semi-coke desulfurization

An activated semi-coke with industrial-scale size was prepared by high-pressure hydrothermal chemistry activation, HNO3 oxidation and calcination activation in proper order from Inner Mongolia Zhalainuoer semi-coke, which is rich in resource and cheap in sale.SO2 adsorption capacity on this activated semi-coke was assessed in the fixed bed in the temperature range of 60-170℃, space velocity range of 500-1300 h^-1, SO2 concentration of 1000-3000 ppmv, and N2 as balance. The surface area, elemental and proximate analysis for both raw semi-coke and activated semi-cokes were measured. The experimental results showed that the activated semi-coke has a high adsorption capacity for sulfur dioxide than the untreated semi-coke. This may be the result of increase of surface area on activated semi-coke and surface oxygen functional groups with basicity characteristics. Comparison to result of FTIR, it is known that group of-C-O-C-may be active center of SO2 catalytic adsorption on activated semi-coke.