Variations in heavy metal contamination of stream water and groundwater affected by an abandoned lead–zinc mine in Korea

This study evaluated variations in heavy metal contamination of stream waters and groundwaters affected by an abandoned lead–zinc mine, where a rockfill dam for water storage will be built 11 km downstream. For these purposes, a total of 10 rounds of stream and groundwater samplings and subsequent chemical analyses were performed during 2002–2003. Results of an exploratory investigation of stream waters in 2000 indicated substantial contamination with heavy metals including zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and arsenic (As) for at least 6 km downstream from the mine. Stream waters near the mine showed metal contamination as high as arsenic (As) 8,923 μg L⁻¹, copper (Cu) 616 μg L⁻¹, cadmium (Cd) 223 μg L⁻¹ and lead (Pb) 10,590 μg L⁻¹, which greatly exceeded the Korean stream water guidelines. Remediation focused on the mine tailing piles largely improved the stream water qualities. However, there have still been quality problems for the waters containing relatively high concentrations of As (6–174 μg L⁻¹), Cd (1–46 μg L⁻¹) and Pb (2–26 μg L⁻¹). Rainfall infiltration into the mine tailing piles resulted in an increase of heavy metals in the stream waters due to direct discharge of waste effluent, while dilution of the contaminated stream waters improved the water quality due to mixing with metal free rain waters. Levels of As, Cu and chromium (Cr) largely decreased after heavy rain but that of Pb was rather elevated. The stream waters were characterized by high concentrations of calcium (Ca) and sulfate (SO₄), which were derived from dissolution and leaching of carbonate and sulfide minerals. It was observed that the proportions of Ca and SO₄ increased while those of bicarbonate (HCO₃) and sodium and potassium (Na+K) decreased after a light rainfall event. Most interestingly, the reverse was generally detected for the groundwaters. The zinc, being the metal mined, was the most dominant heavy metal in the groundwaters (1758–10,550 μg L⁻¹) near the mine, which far exceeded the Korean standard of 1000 μg L⁻¹ for drinking water. The decreases in the heavy metals contents in the groundwaters associated with reduced rainfall were quite different from the increases observed for the stream waters, which is not clearly understood at this time and warrants further investigation.     

用荧光光谱研究腐殖酸与金属离子Al^3＋的配合作用

用同步荧光法对两种来源不同的腐殖酸与金属离子Ａｌ＾３＋的配合作用进行了研究,采用非线性回归分析,用荧光强度变化数据,拟合出金属配合物（１：１）的条件稳定常数Ｋ,在配合滴定进行的同时,探讨了溶液在５００ｎｍ处的瑞利散射现象。     

金属粉末烧结材料泊松比模型的探讨

分析了粉末烧结材料泊松比与屈服准则的关系 ,指出了泊松比Kuhn模型的等价假设 ,比较了几种泊松比模型的特点 ,提出了一种能反映致密过程中密度较大时泊松比增长率减缓的特点的箕舌线函数型泊松比模型。     

Distribution of heavy metals in the Grand Canal (Hangzhou section) and its contributing factors

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Remediation of Cu and As contaminated water and soil utilizing biochar supported layered double hydroxide: Mechanisms and soil environment altering

Preparing materials for simultaneous remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals contamination has always been the focus of research. Herein a biochar supported FeMnMg layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites (LB) for simultaneous remediation of copper and arsenic contamination in water and soil has been assembled by a facile co-precipitation approach. Both adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of heavy metals removal by LB were applied to look into the adsorption performance of adsorbents in water. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cu and As by LB were investigated, showing that Cu in aqueous solution was removed by the isomorphic substitution, precipitation and electrostatic adsorption while As was removed by complexation. In addition, the availability of Cu and As in the soil incubation experiments was reduced by 35.54%–63.00% and 8.39%–29.04%, respectively by using LB. Meanwhile, the addition of LB increased the activities of urease and sucrase by 93.78%–374.35% and 84.35%–520.04%, respectively, of which 1% of the dosage was the best. A phenomenon was found that the richness and structure of microbial community became vigorous within 1% dosage of LB, which indirectly enhanced the passivation and stabilization of heavy metals. These results indicated that the soil environment was significantly improved by LB. This research demonstrates that LB would be an imaginably forceful material for the remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals in contaminated water and soil.     

在有氧条件下用生物过滤系统去除NOx

针对有氧环境下用生物过滤法处理废气中的NOx效率普遍不高的现状,将优选后的好氧反硝化菌应用于生物过滤系统用来脱除模拟燃烧废气中NOx,同时设立反硝化菌活性再生系统,维持系统中微生物间的持续稳定反硝化协同性和有效微生物量.进一步研究高浓度氧环境下,环境因素对NO脱除效率的影响,以及研究模拟气体中NO在生物过滤系统中的转化机理.结果表明,该工艺系统能有效克服氧对反硝化菌活性的抑制作用,生物滤塔在不同氧浓度下皆可实现对NO的高效率脱除;甚至在氧气体积分数20%、气体停留时间为1min、最佳操作温度为40～50℃条件下,对647mg·m-3NO的脱除率可达85%以上.本实验有目的地培养得到好氧条件下特有的微生物混合体系,其以兼性反硝化菌为主,多种菌种的存在形成良好的生物协同性,有利于有氧环境下NOx好氧反硝化反应的高效稳定进行.     

烧结金属高温除尘的实验研究

通过对一种新型的烧结金属在高温下的除尘实验，研究了在风速不同时通过不同厚度的滤料层时的压力损失，以及不同粒径的去除效率。并在此基础上总结了压力损失与风速和滤料厚度的关系式，结果表明此关系式能较好地符合实验。这工作为后继的烟气综合处理研究提供了基础。     

星云湖底质中重金属与营养元素的分布特征及关联性分析

介绍了星云湖底质调查工作概况,统计和讨论了结果,并分析了关联度.     

厦门中华白海豚的重金属含量

对厦门港海域８只中华白海豚成体和幼仔体内的重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明，与鱼类和无脊上比，中华白海豚的重金属含量很高。成年的含量观于幼仔；肝的含量大大超过其他部位。中华白海豚的重金属含量高，与其它处于海洋食物链的的最顶级密切相关。     

烟气SOx、NOx监测中存在问题的探讨

对SOx、NOx的存在形态进行了热力学与化学平衡计算,据此提出了监测技术改进的建议。对工程检测、在线连续监测及大气污染物排放量的统计,也提出了初步的设想。