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171.
A treatability study was conducted to determine the potential of white rot fungi to remediate soil from a Superfund site that had been contaminated with DDT. A tiered approach was utilized, starting with simple laboratory studies to screen the potential of white rot fungal strains to degrade DDT and culminating with a soil pan study that simulated land farming. Results from early tiers of the study indicated that Phanerochaete sordida had the best potential for remediating the soil. In the soil pan study, the fungus ultimately grew very well after second inoculation. However, the good growth did not translate to higher DDT removal compared to removal in pans that were not inoculated. 14[DDT] fate studies indicated the small amount of removal that did occur for both fungal inoculated and non‐inoculated conditions could be partially attributed to incorporation into humic material. Addition of a surfactant to the soil enhanced the removal of DDT in both inoculated and non‐inoculated soil. Consequently, under simulated land fanning conditions, this strain of fungus was not successful in remediating this soil. 相似文献
172.
Oxidative stress parameters and some antioxidant defense systems in the liver of Carassius auratus exposed to glyphosate and its formulation (Roundup®) have been studied. Fish were exposed to glyphosate and its formulation at concentrations of 0.032, 0.16, 0.8, and 4.0 mg L?1, all calculated on glyphosate basis, for 11 days. Hydroxyl radical generation as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy of its spin-adduct with α-phenyl-t-butyl nitrone increased with the concentration of Roundup®. Superoxide dismutase activities were decreased relative to control by 21%–46% when exposed to glyphosate and 45%–52% when exposed to Roundup®, suggesting that the formulation is more toxic than glyphosate alone. Catalase showed no difference between both groups. 相似文献
173.
随着高级氧化技术成为废水处理的研究热点,羟基自由基的产生、测定及测定条件等相关问题的探索,成为发展高级氧化技术的重要条件及其重要组成部分。以分光光度法为主要分析方法,以二甲亚砜作为·OH的探针试剂,对Fenton反应及其反应的最佳条件进行研究。结果表明,在实验条件下,H2O2初始浓度为11.5mmol/L,Fe2+/H2O2的浓度比值在1:23左右,pH范围为3~4时,·OH产率最高。 相似文献
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紫外/亚硫酸盐(UV/SO32-)是一种基于紫外活化SO32-离子依靠生成还原性自由基——水合电子降解目标污染物的高级还原工艺.本文研究了UV/SO32-加速降解含碘造影剂泛影酸钠(DTZ)的效能、机制与影响因素以及UV/SO32-降解DTZ的路径.结果表明,UV/SO32-降解DTZ符合一级动力学模型,降解速率快于单独UV和紫外/过氧化氢工艺,且降解速率随SO32-浓度的增加而升高.弱碱性或碱性水质可强化UV/SO32-降解效率,背景有机物对降解DTZ有一定抑制作用.DTZ降解机制包括直接光解和还原性自由基攻击,其中自由基攻击占主要部分.DTZ在UV/SO32-的降解路径包括取代、脱羧基羟基化和酰胺键断裂等. 相似文献
176.
Scott Elliott Gerald E. Streit Jeffrey S. Gaffney James E. Bossert Michael Brown Jon Reisner Laurie A. McNair 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(2):103-105
The nerve agent sarin has recently been deployed by terrorists in a major city. The molecule is volatile and made its way
to many victims by passing as vapor through a highly reactive medium. Here we estimate rates and pathways for the removal
of gas phase sarin from a generalized urban atmosphere. Only information from the open scientific literature is used. By structure
reactivity comparisons with the organophosphorus pesticides, hydroxyl radical hydrogen abstraction may occur in as little
as one hour. Decomposition of side chains after hydroxyl attack leads to organic oxygenates which preserve the phosphonofluoridate
and so toxicity. The aqueous aerosol surface is contacted in minutes and offers access to a range of dissolved nucleophiles.
Substitution displaces the fluoride leaving group, giving safe phosphoric acid analogs. Because of uncertainties in the electron
distribution and in aqueous decay mechanisms, the time constants must be viewed as lower limits. 相似文献
177.
长光路FTIR研究OH发生体系中的OH浓度 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用长光路FTIR测定早苯、三本等芳香烃化合物在烟雾箱中光化学反应衰减,确字了NOx-H2O、Air、HONO-H2O-Air和CH3ONO-NO-Air3种体系在我灯自夸下的OH浓度,结果表明三者OH浓度范围分别为:~10^5~10^6、~10^7、~10^7~10^8molecules.cm^-3,并进一步讨论了反应前体物对生成OH浓度的影响。 相似文献
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