HSO3-强化Fe3+/S2O82-降解水中双氯芬酸

采用HSO₃^-强化Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-降解水中双氯芬酸（DCF）,考察了溶液初始pH值,Fe³⁺、HSO₃^-和S₂O₈^2-用量,溶解氧对HSO₃^-/Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-体系降解DCF的影响;通过自由基淬灭实验,识别了体系中主要的活性物种;最后,探讨了DCF在该体系中的降解产物和转化路径.结果表明：HSO₃^-可以明显促进Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-对DCF的降解,初始pH 4.0时,DCF降解效果最佳.DCF的降解速率随Fe³⁺或S₂O₈^2-浓度的增大而增大;适量增加HSO₃^-浓度可提高DCF的降解,而过量的HSO₃^-对DCF降解有一定抑制作用.在通入氮气条件下,DCF去除率仅下降10.4%,无明显的抑制作用.自由基抑制实验表明,该体系含有SO₄^·-、HO^·和SO₅^·-3种活性自由基,其对DCF降解的贡献率分别为83.0%、12.8%和4.3%.在HSO₃^-/Fe³⁺/S₂O₈^2-降解DCF的反应中共检测出4种产物,据此提出DCF可能的转化路径为：羟基化、脱羧基、脱水和甲酰化反应.     

蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解水中痕量硝基苯的机理研究

实验考察了HCO3-、CO32-、HPO42-、H2PO4-和叔丁醇等羟基自由基抑制剂存在条件下,单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对水中硝基苯降解效果的影响规律,初步推测了反应机理.结果表明,2种工艺对硝基苯的去除率都随着HCO3-浓度的增加(0～200 mg·L-1)先增高再降低,在浓度为50 mg·L-1时去除率达到最大值;单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷对硝基苯的去除率随着CO32-浓度的增加(0～20 mg·L-1)分别降低了16.57%和27.52%,随着HPO42-浓度的增加(0～12 mg·L-1)分别降低了13.61%和17.52%,随着H2PO4-浓度的增加(0～120 mg·L-1)分别降低了6.61%和12.52%,随着叔丁醇浓度的增加(0～10mg·L-1)硝基苯去除率降低了30.06%和46.09%.证明单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对硝基苯的降解遵循·OH氧化机理,叔丁醇更适合作为自由基抑制剂用来推断单独臭氧氧化和臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化降解硝基苯的反应机理.单独臭氧氧化对硝基苯的去除率随着pH值的升高(3.02～10.96)而增大,臭氧/蜂窝陶瓷氧化对硝基苯的去除率在pH=9.23时达到最大值.     

电导滴定法快速测定不同水中硫酸根的含量

采用电导法，用氯化钡标准溶液滴定水样中硫酸根的含量对测定结果的影响因素进行了探讨，本方法测定的回收率在９８￣１０２％之间，装置简单，试样测定时间仅需几分钟，准确度较高，适用范围广，如海水，卤水，自来水、深井水、雨水和部分工业废水等硫酸根含量的测定。     

Vertical distributions of wintertime atmospheric nitrogenous compounds and the corresponding OH radicals production in Leshan, southwest China

Ground-based multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations were operated from 02 to 21 December 2018 in Leshan, southwest China, to measure HONO, NO₂ and aerosol extinction vertical distributions, and these were the first MAX-DOAS measurement results in Sichuan Basin. During the measurement period, characteristic ranges for surface concentration were found to be 0.26–4.58 km^?1 and averaged at 0.93 km^?1 for aerosol extinction, 0.49 to 35.2 ppb and averaged at 4.57 ppb for NO₂ and 0.03 to 7.38 ppb and averaged at 1.05 ppb for HONO. Moreover, vertical profiles of aerosol, NO₂ and HONO were retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements using the Heidelberg Profile (HEIPRO) algorithm. By analysing the vertical gradients of pollutants and meteorological information, we found that aerosol and HONO are strongly localised, while NO₂ is mainly transmitted from the north direction (city center direction). Nitrogen oxides such as HONO and NO₂ are important for the production of hydroxyl radical (OH) and oxidative capacity in the troposphere. In this study, the averaged value of OH production rate from HONO is about 0.63 ppb/hr and maximum value of ratio between OH production from HONO and from (HONO+O₃) is > 93% before12:00 in Leshan. In addition, combustion emission contributes to 26% for the source of HONO in Leshan, and we found that more NO₂ being converted to HONO under the conditions with high aerosol extinction coefficient and high relative humidity is also a dominant factor for the secondary produce of HONO.     

Mechanisms of photochemical release of dissolved organic matter and iron from resuspended sediments

Photochemical reactions can alter the transformation of sedimentary organic matter into dissolved organic matter (DOM) and affect its ultimate fate in water ecosystems. In the present study, the photorelease of DOM and Fe from resuspended lake sediments was investigated under different O₂ and NO₃^? concentration conditions to study the mechanisms of DOM and Fe photorelease. The amount of photoreleased Fe, which ranged from 0.22 to 0.70 μmol/L, was significantly linearly correlated with the amount of photoreleased DOM. O₂ and NO₃^? could promote the photochemical release of DOM and Fe, especially during the initial 4 h irradiation. In general, the order of the photorelease rates of DOM and Fe under different conditions was as follows: NO₃^?/aerobic > aerobic ≈ NO₃^?/anaerobic > anaerobic. The photorelease rates of DOM and Fe were higher for the initial 4 hr irradiation than these for the subsequent 8 hr irradiation. The photorelease of DOM and Fe is thought to proceed via direct photodissolution and indirect processes. The relative contributions of indirect processes (>60%) was much greater than that of direct photodissolution (<40%). The photoproduced H₂O₂ under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that hydroxyl radicals (?OH) are involved in the photorelease of DOM. Using ?OH scavengers, it was found that 38.7%, 53.7%, and 77.6% of photoreleased DOM was attributed to ?OH under anaerobic, aerobic, and NO₃^?/aerobic conditions, respectively. Our findings provide insights for understanding the mechanisms and the important role of ?OH in the DOM and Fe photorelease from resuspended sediments.     

水中硝酸盐氮的2种测定方法比较

对水中硝酸盐氮的2种测定方法进行了比较.结果表明,用离子选择电极法测定水中硝酸盐氮,准确度、精密度、抗干扰性均高于酚二磺酸分光光度法.所测结果经统计学处理,2种方法无显著性差异.离子选择电极法回收率为97.0%～102.0%.除氯离子、亚硝酸根离子外,不出现其它具有干扰意义水平的离子.     

Study on superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in indirect electrochemical oxidation by chemiluminescence and UV-Visible spectra

The generation and transformation of radicals on the cathode of indirect electrochemical oxidation were studied by chemilumines- cence(CL)and UV-Visible spectra in the reactor with a salt bridge that connected the separated chambers.The CL intensity of 4×10~(-9)mol/L luminol on the cathode with bubbling oxygen was about seven times that of the intensity without it,which was because of the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The existence of ROS,especially the generation of the superoxide radical,c...     

Detection of hydroxyl radical in plasma reaction on toluene removal

A new method was introduced to detect the concentration of OH radical in dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reaction.A film, which was impregnated with salicylic acid,was used to detect OH radical in plasma reaction at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.Salicylic acid reacts with OH radical and produces 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(2,5-DHBA).Then,a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was carried out to detect the concentration of 2,5-DHBA.Therefore,OH radical in nonthermal plasma reaction could be...     

金属网阻火器设计参数的优化选择

就不同的火焰速度，应采用合理的金属同参数进行了研究，得出了临界消焰速度和金属网形状系数（ｄ／Ｗ）以及金属同层数之间的实验式。提出了网与网之间的理想间隔，并研究出多层金属网的最佳故数。按照本文提出的有关论据，便可在设计金属网阻火器时，对有关参数进行优化选择。     

Biophoton emission,free radical and toxicity of benzene to aquatic biosystems

Ｂｉｏｐｈｏｔｏｎｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ，ｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌａｎｄｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｔｏａｑｕａｔｉｃｂｉｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ￥ＷａｎｇＹｉｎｇｙａｎ；ＷａｎｇＪｉｇｕａｎｇ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...