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211.
Nanometer zinc oxide (ZnO) powders were used as a catalyst to enhance the ozonation for the degradation of dichloroacetic acid
(DCAA) in aqueous solution. The batch experiments were carried out to investigate the e ects of key factors such as catalyst dosage,
ozone dosage, solution pH and tert-butyl alcohol (t-BuOH) on the degradation e ciency of DCAA. Density functional theory (DFT)
was adopted to explore the mechanism of generating hydroxyl radical (.OH) on the ZnO surface. The results showed that adsorption
and ozonation processes were not e ective for DCAA removal, and the addition of ZnO catalyst improved the degradation e ciency of
DCAA during ozonation, which caused an increase of 22.8% for DCAA decomposition compared to the case of ozonation alone after 25
min. Under the same experimental conditions, the DCAA decomposition was enhanced by increasing catalyst dosage from 100 to 500
mg/L and ozone dosage from 0.83 to 3.2 mg/L. The catalytic ozonation process is more pronounced than the ozonation process alone at
pH 3.93, 6.88, and 10. With increasing the concentration of t-BuOH from 10 to 200 mg/L, the degradation of DCAA was significantly
inhibited in the process of catalytic ozonation, indicating that ZnO catalytic ozonation followed .OH reaction mechanism. Based on
the experimental results and DFT analysis, it is deduced that the generation of .OH on the ZnO surface is ascribed to the adsorption of
molecule ozone followed by the interaction of adsorbed ozone with active sites of the catalyst surface. It is also concluded that ZnO
may be an e ective catalyst for DCAA removal, which could promote the formation of .OH derived from the catalytic decomposition
of ozone. 相似文献
212.
含碳酸盐水溶液中扑热息痛的光解研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用动力学方法研究了环境浓度范围内的扑热息痛在含碳酸盐溶液中的光解,比较了碳酸盐自由基和羟基自由基对扑热息痛的光解效果,探讨了pH值、硝酸根离子、腐殖质、氯化钠、钙镁离子等因素对扑热息痛光解的影响.利用GC/MS技术鉴定了扑热息痛的光解产物,并探讨了扑热息痛在碳酸根体系中可能的光解途径.结果表明,扑热息痛与碳酸盐自由基反应的二级反应速率常数为 k.=5.0×107L·(mol·s)-1,低于与羟基自由基反应的二级反应速率常数kb=8.1×109L·(tool·s)-1,但是由于天然水体中碳酸盐自由基的稳态浓度较高,所以碳酸盐自由基对扑热息痛光解的影响和羟基自由基大致相当.提高体系pH值,加入硝酸根离子、氯化钠或者钙镁离子都会加快扑热息痛的光解速率;而加入Suwannee河富里酸则会降低光解速率. 相似文献
213.
Effect of illumination intensity and light application time on secondary organic aerosol formation from the photooxidation of α-pinene 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LIU Xianyun ZHANG Weijun HUANG Mingqiang WANG Zheny HAO Liqing ZHAO Wenwu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(4):447-451
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from hydroxyl radical (OH.) initiated photooxidation of α-pinene was investigated in a home-made smog chamber. The size distribution of SOA particles was measured using aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. The effects of illumination intensity and light application time on SOA formation for α-pinene were evaluated. Experimental results show that the concentration of SOA particles increased significantly with an increasing of illumination intensity, and the light... 相似文献
214.
XU Fei LUO Zhongyang CAO Wei WANG Peng WEI Bo GAO Xiang FANG Mengxiang CEN Kefa 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(3):328-332
A process capable of oxidizing NO, SO2 and Hg0 was proposed simultaneously, which utilized a high-voltage and short-duration positive pulsed corona discharge. By focusing on NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies, the influences of pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, initial concentration, electrode number, residence time and water vapor addition were investigated. The results indicate that NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies depend primarily on the radicals (OH, HO2, O) and the active species (O3, H2O2), etc. produced by the pulsed corona discharge. The NO, SO2 and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies improved as increasing pulse peak voltage, pulse frequency, electrode number and residence time, while they are reduced with an increasing initial concentration. By adding water vapor, SO2 oxidation efficiency is improved remarkably, while NO oxidation efficiency is decreased slightly. In our experiments, the simultaneous NO, SO2, and Hg0 oxidation efficiencies reached to 40%, 98% and 55% with the initial concentrations 479 mg/m3, 1040 mg/m3, and 15.0 ug/m3, respectively. 相似文献
215.
研究了蜂窝陶瓷对臭氧化降解苯乙酮效率的影响.结果表明,蜂窝陶瓷显著提高了臭氧化降解苯乙酮的效率,叔丁醇的试验表明该体系遵循.OH氧化机理.蜂窝陶瓷催化臭氧化降解苯乙酮的动力学可分为2个阶段,第一阶段的表观动力学常数为8.77×10-4s-1,Rct为10.34×10-10;第二阶段的表观动力学常数为4.63×10-3s-1,Rct为172.34×10-10.基于降解过程的色度变化和水样原子吸收的分析结果,结合降解动力学可以推测:降解过程中蜂窝陶瓷催化剂中Ti4+的溶出是苯乙酮降解效率提高的主导因素. 相似文献
216.
In a chemical sense, the positive muon is a light proton. It is obtained at the ports of accelerators in beams with a spin
polarization of 100%, which makes it a highly sensitive probe of matter. The muonium atom is a light hydrogen isotope, nine
times lighter than H, with a muon as its nucleus. It reacts the same way as H, and by addition to double bonds it is implemented
in free radicals in which the muon serves as a fully polarized spin label. It is reviewed here how the muon can be used to
obtain information about muonium and radical reaction rates, radical structure, dynamics, and local environments. It can even
tell us what a fragrance molecule does in a shampoo. 相似文献
217.
采用化学沉积法制备了二氧化锰/羟基氧化铁(MnO2/FeOOH)复合材料,并将其用于吸附去除水中的放射性重金属铀。通过静态吸附试验,考察了Fe/Mn物质的量比、pH值、吸附时间和干扰离子等因素对MnO2/FeOOH吸附U(Ⅵ)效果的影响,利用扫描电镜-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料结构和形貌进行表征,并分析其吸附机理。结果表明,在投加量为150 mg/L、温度为30℃、U(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为10 mg/L、pH值为5、Fe/Mn物质的量比为1/2及吸附时间为120 min的条件下,MnO2/FeOOH对U(Ⅵ)的去除率最大可达97.7%,且pH值对铀去除效果的影响最为明显。MnO2/FeOOH对U(Ⅵ)吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温线均能符合Langmuir和Freundlich模型,且最大吸附容量达260.34 mg/g。干扰离子试验表明,SO42-、CO32-和Fe3+对MnO2/FeOOH吸附U (VI)几乎没有影响,而Ca2+和Cu2+具有明显的抑制作用,且抑制随浓度的增大而增强。FTIR和XPS分析表明MnO2/FeOOH对U(Ⅵ)的主要作用机制为表面羟基、Mn-O与铀的配位作用。因此,MnO2/FeOOH可作为一种潜在的铀吸附材料。 相似文献
218.
219.
基于3MRA模型的填埋场安全填埋废物污染物阈值评估方法与应用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选取案例填埋场7种目标污染物为研究对象,运用3MRA模型模拟污染物在填埋场周围环境介质中的迁移转化.结果表明,7种目标污染物最低安全填埋阈值大小顺序为:污染物二价镍>苯>镉>铅>六价铬>砷>汞;污染物苯、砷、汞各自的人类和生态受体安全填埋阈值相同,镉和二价镍的人类受体安全填埋阈值高于生态受体,六价铬的生态受体安全填埋阈值高于人类受体,场区地下水的致癌风险和危害商分别为5.06×10-7和2.3×10-1. 相似文献
220.
稀土对植物抗逆作用的自由基机制 总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22
通过研究及收集的资料,提出在植物生长期中,稀土元素能增加植物的抗逆性,当植物受到酸雨、重金属及盐胁迫时,稀土表现出抗氧化性质,而且稀土对植物的抗逆作用是由于其具有清除含氧自由基的作用。 相似文献