信息循环与网络化水质自动监控系统的建立

针对如何提高水质自动监控系统中数据信息的有效性这一问题 ,提出了建立监控系统反馈循环的方法。通过监控网络的反馈循环 ,使监控方案不断优化 ,获得更加符合环境监测部门要求的信息。并进一步阐述了如何通过网络实现信息在各级环境监测部门中的传输利用 ,由此构建了一个网络化的水质信息循环系统。实现对现场水质信息的实时观测与系统远程控制。     

End-of-life flows of multiple cycle consumer products

Explicit expressions for the end-of-life flows (EOL) of single and multiple cycle products (MCPs) are presented, including deterministic and stochastic EOL exit. The expressions are given in terms of the physical parameters (maximum lifetime, T, annual cycling frequency, f, number of cycles, N, and early discard or usage loss). EOL flows are also obtained for hi-tech products, which are rapidly renewed and thus may not attain steady state (e.g. electronic products, passenger cars). A ten-step recursive procedure for obtaining the dynamic EOL flow evolution is proposed. Applications of the EOL expressions and the ten-step procedure are given for electric household appliances, industrial machinery, tyres, vehicles and buildings, both for deterministic and stochastic EOL exit, (normal, Weibull and uniform exit distributions). The effect of the physical parameters and the stochastic characteristics on the EOL flow is investigated in the examples: it is shown that the EOL flow profile is determined primarily by the early discard dynamics; it also depends strongly on longevity and cycling frequency: higher lifetime or early discard/loss imply lower dynamic and steady state EOL flows. The stochastic exit shapes the overall EOL dynamic profile: Under symmetric EOL exit distribution, as the variance of the distribution increases (uniform to normal to deterministic) the initial EOL flow rise becomes steeper but the steady state or maximum EOL flow level is lower. The steepest EOL flow profile, featuring the highest steady state or maximum level, as well, corresponds to skew, earlier shifted EOL exit (e.g. Weibull). Since the EOL flow of returned products consists the sink of the reuse/remanufacturing cycle (sink to recycle) the results may be used in closed loop product lifecycle management operations for scheduling and sizing reverse manufacturing and for planning recycle logistics. Decoupling and quantification of both the full age EOL and of the early discard flows is useful, the latter being the target of enacted legislation aiming at increasing reuse.     

西辽河沉积物中不同粒径微团聚体磷的解吸特征

采用平衡解吸法研究了西辽河沉积物不同粒径微团聚体磷的解吸特征.结果表明,不同粒径团聚体磷的解吸比例为黏粒(0.20)<粉粒(0.28)<细砂(0.45)<粗砂(0.93);其原因为:细粒级微团聚体中腐殖质含量远远高于粗粒级;细粒级微团聚体中有机质是通过可溶有机质与黏土矿物相互结合形成复合体而富集,在其所形成的复合体团聚结构中引起的团聚体结构不可逆形变是导致磷的解吸比例降低,解吸迟滞性指数增大的根本原因;西辽河冲泻质泥沙黏粒和粉粒级微团聚体所携载的可解吸态磷(NAP)入海后可分别为上覆水提供磷(212.93±38.60)mg/kg,(159.45±31.44)mg/kg.沉积物黏粒级和粉粒级微团聚体所携载的NAP是磷素循环的重要组成部分.     

内循环生物流化床反应器载体挂膜特性的研究

分别考察了水力停留时间，反应器结构，接种污泥量及载体粒径等因素对内循环三相生物流化床反应器载体挂膜的影响。试验结果表明，较短的停留时间，较小的内循环速度，较少的接种污泥量及较小粒径的载体有利于反应器的快速挂膜启动。     

沙土不同有机组分对磷的解吸特征影响

采用平衡解吸法研究了沙土不同有机组分对磷的解吸附特征影响。结果表明,通过过氧化氢去除有机质后的沙土使磷的解吸比例（Dr=0.94）大幅度增加,解吸迟滞性指数（TⅡ=0.05）显著降低;有机质是影响磷在沙土上解吸特征的重要因素;磷在橡胶态胶体（轻组有机组分）上的表面分配作用吸附是导致解吸比例（Dr=0.81）增大,解吸迟滞性指数（TⅡ=0.05）减小的原因;稳结态腐殖质中的胡敏酸在对磷的吸着和滞留过程中发挥重要作用,HⅡ＋HⅢ组（Dr=0.57、TⅡ=0.30）;磷在紧结态腐殖质所形成的团聚体结构中引起的团聚体结构不可逆形变是导致磷的解吸比例（HⅢ组Dr=0.24）降低,解吸迟滞性指数（HⅢ组TⅡ=0.49）增大的根本原因,考查土壤磷的解吸特征不但要考虑有机质的含量,更要考虑有机质的存在形态,它也是影响土壤磷解吸特征的重要因素,轻组有机组分、重组有机组分、以及重组有机组分中的稳结态腐殖质、紧结态腐殖质所携载的吸附态磷进入水体后对上覆水体的释放通量可分别按其饱和吸附量的81%、66%、57%和24%进行估算。     

Safety assessment for accident of cooling loop failure (ACLF) in lunar nuclear power reactor (LNPR)

The safety assessment of an accident in the lunar base power plant is investigated for the stability of the operation. The lunar surface reactor is modeled for this study. The accident of cooling loop failure (ACLF) is one of the important scenarios for the virtual case in the moon nuclear power plant (NPP). The newly designed lunar nuclear power reactor (LNPR) is suggested for the commercial purpose. The system dynamics (SD) is used for the simulation of the safety assessment. The cyclic variation of the lunar surface temperature can affect to the physical situation of the coolant, which is expressed by the time step. The result shows the performance possibility of the long term cooling increases slightly in the short period of the time step. The dynamical simulation of the lunar environment is performed for the conceptual design of the NPP.     

5MHz～20GHz低相位噪声频率源的研制

低相位噪声源是一种频率准确度、稳定度都很高且相位噪声又非常低的频率源.本文在简要着重描述了VCXO压控晶振锁相源、高频单元、低相位噪声微波倍频链、低噪声直流稳压电源等低相位噪声频率源关键部件的设计和研制过程.所研发的低相位噪声频率源的频率范围从5 MHz至20 C Hz点频输出,在100MHz频率时相噪达-176dBc...     

客运专线桥梁的地震能量响应分析

在依据能量平衡原理建立的客运专线桥梁地震能量方程的基础上,考虑柔性地基效应和地震动特性的影响,利用大型有限元分析(FEA)软件ANSYS建立某客运专线双柱式桥墩的FEA模型。研究了考虑土-结构相互作用效应的客运专线桥梁进入非弹性状态后的地震能量响应以及各类能量在结构整体系统中的分配规律。分析结果表明:结构滞回耗能和阻尼耗能是客运专线桥梁消耗地震能量的主要方式,而土-结构相互作用和地震动峰值加速度(PGA)对客运专线桥梁的地震总输入能、滞回耗能、阻尼耗能有显著影响,不容忽视。     

基于危险源的事故致因机理及两极化管理

为提升安全风险预控的水平和有效性,探讨危险源的事故致因机理及其两极化管理思路。将危险源划分为3类,即根源危险源、理论状态危险源和实际状态危险源,其中理论状态危险源又可细分为已辨识状态危险源和未辨识状态危险源。构建危险源的事故致因机理模型,模型表明:控制失效的实际状态危险源和未辨识状态危险源是事故发生的2个主要致因。在此基础上,提出危险源的两极化管理思路,构建危险源两极化管理的实施流程。研究结论表明:企业应从两方面实施安全风险预控,即加强对实际状态危险源的控制,使其演变为事故致因的概率极小化;加强对根源危险源和理论状态危险源的辨识,做到辨识极大化。     

一种基于滞回耗能的改进pushover分析方法

将结构静力弹塑性分析与地震反应谱结合起来的Pushover方法作为一种简单而有效的结构抗震能力评价工具，目前已在我国逐渐得到推广。在已有的研究基础上，通过一种基于滞回耗能的自适应Pushover分析，将滞回耗能引入到Pushover分析中，且采用自适应的加载方式来考虑高阶振型的影响。对一中等高度的结构进行推覆分析，结果表明，所提方法对结构响应的估计与时程分析更为接近，尤其是在受高阶振型影响比较明显的层间位移方面，具有较高的计算精度。