The Estuarine Component of the Us E.P.A.'S Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program

The US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development has initiated the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) to monitor status and trends in the condition of the nation's near coastal waters, forests, wetlands, agro-ecosystems, surface waters, deserts and rangelands. the programme is also intended to evaluate the effectiveness of Agency policies at protecting ecological resources occurring in these systems. Monitoring data collected for all ecosystems will be integrated for regional and national status and trends assessments. the near coastal component of EMAP consists of estuaries, coastal waters, and the Great Lakes. Near coastal ecosystems have been regionalized and classified, and an integrated sampling strategy has been developed. EPA and NOAA have agreed to coordinate and, to the extent possible, integrate the near coastal component of EMAP with the NOAA National Status and Trends Program. A demonstration project was conducted in estuaries of the mid-Atlantic region (Chesapeake Bay to Cape Cod) in the summer of 1990. in 1991, monitoring continued in mid-Atlantic estuaries and was initiated in estuaries of a portion of the Gulf of Mexico. Preliminary results indicate: there are no insurmountable logistical problems with sampling on a regional scale; several of the selected indicators are practical and sensitive on the regional scale; and an efficient effort in future years will provide valuable information on condition of estuarine resources at regional scales.     

Heavy metals in oysters,mussels and clams collected from coastal sites along the Pearl River Delta,South China

Concentrations of 8 heavy metals:cadmium(Cd),copper (Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni),chromium (Cr),antimony (Sb) and tin(Sn)were examined in 3 species of bivalves (Perna viridis,Crassostrea rivularis and Ruditapes philippinarum)collected from 25 sites along the Pearl River Delta coastal waters in the South China Sea from July to August 1996.In general,Cd,Cu,Zn and Sn concentrations in the three bivalve species collected from the Estuarine Zone were significantly higher than those collected from the Western and Eastern Zones of the Pearl River Delta,which are related to the existence of various anthropogenic activities in the catchment of the Pearl River Delta.The Western Estuarine Zone is mainly impacted by Cr,Ni and Cu contamination.In Victoria Harbor,heavy metal contamination is mainly due to Cu and Pb.Cd,Cu and Zn concentrations in oysters were significantly higher than those in mussels and clams.This could be explained by the fact that oysters live mainly in the Estuarine Zone of the Pearl River Delta which receives most of the polluting discharges from the catchment of the Delta.During turbid condition,heavy metals(soluble or adsorbed on suspended particulates)discharged from the Delta are filtered from the water column and subsequently accumulated into the soft body tissues of oysters.Heavy metal concentrations in the three bivalve species were compared with the maximum permissible levels of heavy metals in seafood regulated by the Public Health and Municipal Services Ordinance,Laws of Hong Kong, and it was revealed that Cd and Cr concentrations in the three bivalve species exceeded the upper limits.At certain hotspots in the Delta, the maximum acceptable daily load for Cd was also exceeded.     

有冰海区溢油清理技术及对策研究

对有冰海区溢油行为的特点，中国海水监测、海冰数字预报和冰区溢油监测、溢油行为的研究状况进行了较为详尽的综述。介绍了有冰海区溢油的清除技术，并提出今后有冰海区溢油研究的关键问题。     

Chemical characteristics of acidified waters in southwest China

ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆａｃｉｄｉｆｉｅｄｗａｔｅｒｓｉｎｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａＬｅｉＺｈｉｈｏｎｇ；ＬｉａｎｇＸｉａｏｍｉｎｇ；ＸｕＸｉａｏｑｉｎｇ；ＸｉａＹｉｃｈｅｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇ...     

珠江三角洲一些城市水体中微量有机污染物的初步研究

对珠江三角洲流经城市的７条河流和３条干流水道（东、西、北江）以及广州，深圳、肇庆的城市污水中的半挥发性微量有机污染物进行了分析，并对其污染状况以及污染来源进行了初步评价。研究表明，珠江三角洲内流经城市的７条河流受到的有机物污染比３条干流水道严重得多。氯代芳烃，正烷烃，酞酸酯和多环芳烃是珠江三角洲水体中最普遍存在的微量有机物污染物，其中属于ＥＰＡ优先控制的污染物有１２种。“ＥＰＡ协议法令”规定的污染     

Adsorption characteristics of copper in rivers contaminated by acid mine drainage from copper mine

Ａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｏｐｐｅｒｉｎｒｉｖｅｒｓｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄｂｙａｃｉｄｍｉｎｅｄｒａｉｎａｇｅｆｒｏｍｃｏｐｐｅｒｍｉｎｅ￥ＬｕａｎＺｈａｏｋｕｎ；ＣｈｅｎＭｉｎｇ；ＴａｎｇＨｏｎｇｘｉａｏ（Ｒｅｓｅａ...     

自然水体生物膜上铁、锰氧化物生长速率的研究

通过对南湖水体培养的生物膜上铁、锰氧化物生长速率的研究发现，生物膜上铁、锰氧化物的生长过程均属于一级动力学反应，可以用双常数速率方程、Elovich方程、抛物线扩散方程及指数函数方程进行描述，生物膜上铁氧化物的生长速率远远大于锰氧化物的生长速率，锰氧化物的生长速率随水深的增加而降低，并呈显著的线性关系。     

大鹏湾大梅沙海域氮、磷含量及富营养化状态

根据１９９５ 年４ 月～１９９７ 年１ 月大鹏湾大梅沙海域水质营养盐（ＮＨ＋４ Ｎ、ＮＯ－３ Ｎ、ＮＯ－２ Ｎ）２ ａ 的含量检测资料，报道了其含量水平、平面与垂直含量分布、含量季节变化及海水Ｎ、Ｐ 比值和海水质量状况。为了解大梅沙海域水质质量提供基础资料。     

利用光合色素研究厦门海域超微型浮游植物群落结构

应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)方法对厦门海域9个站位水样进行分析，对色素数据进行换算，结果表明在厦门海域超微型浮游植物优势类群是绿薰，而总浮游植物优势类群是硅藻；超微型浮游植物对总浮游植物生物量贡献为总生物量1．5％～11％，超微型粒级细胞在一些类群中(绿藻、金藻)中占有很大比重。在超微型浮游类群组成中没有甲藻纲，而蓝藻丰度也非常低。超微型浮游植物组成结构厦门港富营养化水域呈单优势类群结构，在九龙江河口区域受冲淡水与陆源成分影响。结构较为复杂。     

Chlorinated dibenzo-<Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>-dioxins and dibenzofurans in the baltic herrinj and sprat of estonian coastal waters

BACKGROUND, AIMS AND SCOPE: The concentration of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in many fish from the Baltic requires monitoring, since it approaches or exceeds the European Union threshold limit value of 4 pg TEQ/g wet weight of fish for human consumption. The concentrations, expressed in TEQs, are important for toxicology and regulations, but hide the concentrations of the individual congeners, which are important for other environmental sciences, source allocation, and for the detection of measurement errors. This report evaluates the results of a survey reported earlier only in the terms of the TEQ concentrations. METHODS: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the dimensions of the data (17 = 7 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and 10 chlorinated dibenzofuran congeners) to three principal components. This facilitated the interpretation of the congener profiles. Slopes of the congener concentrations as a function of age of the fish were estimated by least squares regression. The results were compared with a large set of data for lake trout from Lake Ontario. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The congener profiles of Baltic herring are less scattered than those of sprat. The profiles of herring from the central Baltic differ from those of herring from the Gulf of Riga and both appear to be affected relatively minimally by the age of the fish. The congener profiles of herring from the western Gulf of Finland are similar to those from the central Baltic, those from middle Gulf of Finland are similar to those from the Gulf of Riga. Both seem to be more affected by age of the fish than the profiles of the first two groups. The concentrations of several pentachloro- and hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans increase with the age of the fish CONCLUSION: PCA is a good technique for the evaluation of the congener profiles. The resulting loading and score plots provide a good graphic summary of the multidimensional data. Additional analyses are needed to confirm the observed profile patterns. A comparison with the results of a long-term monitoring from another area shows that the age of the fish is a more important factor than the year of capture. RECOMMENDATION AND OUTLOOK: The surveys should continue for a number of years and the results should be presented and evaluated both in terms of the TEQs as well as in terms of weight concentrations. Since the concentrations do not appear to change very much from year to year, it would be better to carry out surveys only every 3-4 years and, instead, stratify the sampling according to age and gender of the fish, and to analyze replicate extracts by replicate measurements. The inclusion of unmarked replicate samples would be a good quality assurance measure. It would be desirable to analyze additional parts of the food chain in order to understand the fate of the compounds in the ecosystem.