Environmental significance of biogenic elements in surface sediments of the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent areas

Biogenic elements and six phosphorus(P) fractions in surface sediments from the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent waters were determined to investigate the governing factors of these elements, and further to discuss their potential uses as paleo-environment proxies and risks of P release from sediment. Total organic carbon(TOC) and leachable organic P(Lea-OP) showed high concentrations in the estuary, Zhejiang coast and ofshore upwelling area. They came from both the Changjiang River and marine biological input.Biogenic silicon(BSi) exhibited a high concentration band between 123 and 124°E. BSi mainly came from diatom production and its concentration in the inshore area was diluted by river sediment. Total nitrogen(TN) was primarily of marine biogenic origin. Seaward decreasing trends of Fe-bound P and Al-bound P revealed their terrestrial origins. Influenced by old Huanghe sediment delivered by the Jiangsu coastal current, the maximum concentration of detrital P(Det-P) was observed in the area north of the estuary. Similar high concentrations of carbonate fluorapatite(CFA-P) and CaCO3 in the southern study area suggested marine calcium-organism sources of CFA-P. TOC, TN and non-apatite P were enriched in fine sediment, and Det-P partially exhibited coarse-grain enrichment, but BSi had no correlation with sediment grain size. Diferent sources and governing factors made biogenic elements and P species have distinct potential uses in indicating environmental conditions. Transferable P accounted for 14%-46% of total P. In an aerobic environment,there was low risk of P release from sediment, attributed to excess Fe oxides in sediments.     

改进国标方法检测海岸带水体铁的研究

为了更加准确地检测海岸带水体中的铁含量,将邻菲啰啉分光光度法测定水质铁(国标法)的方法进行了改进.在邻菲啰啉分光光度法的基础上,在pH调节方式、比色皿皿差和显色剂三个方面进行改进.结果表明,改进后方法的线性、准确度和精密度都优于国标法.但改变pH调节方式和扣除比色皿皿差后检测低浓度铁的水样的精密度依然较差(RSD>5%),说明邻菲啰啉的灵敏度较低.以5-Br-PADAP为显色剂用分光光度法检测水样时,方法的准确度和精密度较好(RSD<5%,加标回收率在96.0%~106%之间),该方法可以用于海岸带水体中铁的检测.     

地面水体中无机硫阴离子电化学形态分析方法的研究

建立了地面水体中无机硫阴离子的电化学形态分析方法，利用示波极谱技术在碱性氯化钠（ｐＨ＝１１．３）溶液中测定了硫化物；在ｐＨ＝４．７的醋酸－醋酸钠缓冲溶液中分别测定了硫代硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐；利用铅（Ⅱ）－四（４－三甲铵苯基）卟啉络合吸附波间接吸附伏安法测定了硫酸盐，该方法的优点是操作简便快速，重现性较好，适于地面水体中痕量无机硫阴离子的形态分析。     

A three-dimensional prediction system for water qualitypolluction in coastal waters

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨａｋａｔａＢａｙｉｓａｓｅｍｉ ｅｎｃｌｏｓｅｄｂａｙ(ｆｒｏｍ 33°34′Ｎｔｏ 33°41′Ｎａｎｄｆｒｏｍ 1 30°1 3′Ｅｔｏ 1 30°2 6′Ｅ)ｌｏｃａｔｅｄａｔｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｓｉｄｅｏｆＫｙｕｓｈｕＩｓｌａｎｄ ,Ｊａｐａｎ .ＴｈｅｌｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｗｉｄｔｈｏｆＨａｋａｔａＢａｙｉｓａｂｏｕｔ2 0ｋｍａｎｄ 1 0ｋｍｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ .Ｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅａｒｅａｉｓａｂｏｕｔ 1 33ｋｍ2 ａｎｄｔｈｅｍｅａｎｗａｔｅｒｄｅｐｔｈｉｓａｂｏｕｔ1 0 .5ｍ .Ｔｈｅｂａｙｍｏｕｔ…     

厦门海域大气颗粒态硫酸盐的分布特征及其入海通量

厦门海域大气中颗粒态硫酸盐的浓度存在着季节性的变化规律，其浓度大小为：冬季大于春季大于秋季大于夏季。颗粒态硫酸盐的平均浓度估算为９．３７μｇ／ｍ＾３，其中海盐源和大海盐源硫酸盐分别为０．８９和８．４８μｇ／ｍ＾３，硫酸盐在不同粒径颗粒物听分布呈双型：粗颗粒硫酸盐来源于海盐，而细颗粒硫酸盐则非来自海盐。利用所采集的大气干，湿沉降的试样，测定了颗粒态硫酸盐的分布变化特征，并估算了大气输入厦门海域的颗粒     

长江口及邻近水域油污染分布特征

根据2 0 0 0～2 0 0 3年春夏季长江口及邻近海域海水及沉积物中油类的调查结果,分析海域油污染的分布特征,采用单项指数法评估调查海域的油污染程度。结果表明,调查水域海水中油含量分布范围为0 .0 11～0 .3 8mg/L ,平均含量为0 .0 89mg/L ;其中春季平均含量为0 .0 90mg/L ,夏季平均含量0 .0 79mg /L ;主要污染区域位于长江口近岸及舟山、大衢山等岛屿附近。2 0 0 3年沉积物油类年平均含量为92 .94×10 - 6 ,其中春季平均含量为86.85×10 - 6 ,夏季为95 .2 0×10 - 6 m ,长江河口水域平均含量最高。水体中油含量和沉积物总油含量之间不存在镜像关系。以《渔业水质标准》和《海洋沉积物质量》一类标准计算,调查区域水体单项指数大多高于1,平均值为1.73 ;沉积物单项指数都小于1,平均为0 .19;无论水体还是沉积物,均以长江河口水域的污染最为严重。     

Effect of humic acids on the Fenton degradation of phenol

We show that the degradation of phenol by Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide is faster in the presence of humic acids. This is most likely due to faster reduction of Fe(III)-humate complexes by H₂O₂/HO₂^·/O₂^–· when compared with Fe(III)-H₂O complexes. The fact that humic acids, a major class of naturally occurring compounds, favour the Fenton reaction has great relevance in the field of water and soil decontamination, where organic compounds usually have a negative effect. Furthermore, it adds insight into the self-depuration processes of natural aquifers.     

Meso—四（4—磺基苯基）卟啉—锌络合吸附波在水样分析中的应用

本文研究了在氨性介质中，Ｍｅｓｏ－四（４－磺基苯基）卟啉与锌离子的络合反应，在沸水浴中，该反应在４ｍｉｎ内完成，并形成稳定的１：１型络合物，其峰电位为－１．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ，ＳＣＥ）将此络合吸附波用于环境水样中痕量锌的测定，获得了满意的结果，本文还对事物及卟啉试剂极谱波的性质做了比较研究。     

Elemental composition of surface waters in the Antarctic Peninsula and interactions with the environment

The fast changes in chemical and biological properties of many coastal and inland waters in the last decades reflect the pressure of man on the environment. The surface waters of the Antarctic Peninsula, located far from industrial or populated areas, could eventually be used as background lines. Surface water samples were taken from five lagoons of King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and from the Kitiesh Lake. Sample pH and electrical conductivity were analysed in situ and in the laboratory, respectively. The dissolved fractions were analysed in 1997 and 1998. Total concentrations only for 1998 were determined in another fraction adjusted to pH 2. Aluminium, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, and Pb were quantified in all samples by means of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total and dissolved elemental concentrations were discussed considering the composition of particulate material suspended in the waters removed by streams or by water runoff, or from atmospheric aerosols. Concentrations of dissolved elements change from one lagoon to another. Total and dissolved elemental concentrations could be related to water movement by windstorms, to chemical mechanisms in water and/or to natural and anthropogenic atmospheric factors.     

The Potential of Geothermal Systems in Kenya for Balneological Use

Curative properties of geothermal waters are highly valued in several countries around the world, including China, Iceland, and middle and Eastern European states. Natural hotsprings and fumaroles found in various parts of Kenya have been utilised by the local residents for worship and offering of sacrifices, particularly when afflicted with ailments that were difficult to cure. At the Lake Bogoria Hotel, natural hot water is directed towards a swimming pool, in which hotel guests like to bathe. The major element chemistry of some of the geothermal waters in Kenya is similar to that of waters used at established balneological sites in other parts of the world. Trace element concentrations are less well known. More research is required to understand the factors that impart curative qualities to geothermal waters. Kenya has been developing its geothermal systems for electricity generation, but should also evaluate the different sites for balneological applications.