厦门海域大气颗粒态硫酸盐的分布特征及其入海通量

厦门海域大气中颗粒态硫酸盐的浓度存在着季节性的变化规律，其浓度大小为：冬季大于春季大于秋季大于夏季。颗粒态硫酸盐的平均浓度估算为９．３７μｇ／ｍ＾３，其中海盐源和大海盐源硫酸盐分别为０．８９和８．４８μｇ／ｍ＾３，硫酸盐在不同粒径颗粒物听分布呈双型：粗颗粒硫酸盐来源于海盐，而细颗粒硫酸盐则非来自海盐。利用所采集的大气干，湿沉降的试样，测定了颗粒态硫酸盐的分布变化特征，并估算了大气输入厦门海域的颗粒     

浙江省海岛海域环境生态特征：Ⅰ浮游动物种类优势度与水体生态性质

浙江近海洋域地处暖温带和亚热交汇区，在不同季节受不同性质水系的影响，呈现出不同程度的交汇和混合。通过对１９９０年春，秋两季浙北，中、南三区及７个重点岛群浮游动物及不同生态类型种类优化势度的计算和分析，探讨其栖息区域的群落生态特征，并从生物效应的角度判别栖息海区的水体性质。     

长江口及邻近水域油污染分布特征

根据2 0 0 0～2 0 0 3年春夏季长江口及邻近海域海水及沉积物中油类的调查结果,分析海域油污染的分布特征,采用单项指数法评估调查海域的油污染程度。结果表明,调查水域海水中油含量分布范围为0 .0 11～0 .3 8mg/L ,平均含量为0 .0 89mg/L ;其中春季平均含量为0 .0 90mg/L ,夏季平均含量0 .0 79mg /L ;主要污染区域位于长江口近岸及舟山、大衢山等岛屿附近。2 0 0 3年沉积物油类年平均含量为92 .94×10 - 6 ,其中春季平均含量为86.85×10 - 6 ,夏季为95 .2 0×10 - 6 m ,长江河口水域平均含量最高。水体中油含量和沉积物总油含量之间不存在镜像关系。以《渔业水质标准》和《海洋沉积物质量》一类标准计算,调查区域水体单项指数大多高于1,平均值为1.73 ;沉积物单项指数都小于1,平均为0 .19;无论水体还是沉积物,均以长江河口水域的污染最为严重。     

Elemental composition of surface waters in the Antarctic Peninsula and interactions with the environment

The fast changes in chemical and biological properties of many coastal and inland waters in the last decades reflect the pressure of man on the environment. The surface waters of the Antarctic Peninsula, located far from industrial or populated areas, could eventually be used as background lines. Surface water samples were taken from five lagoons of King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and from the Kitiesh Lake. Sample pH and electrical conductivity were analysed in situ and in the laboratory, respectively. The dissolved fractions were analysed in 1997 and 1998. Total concentrations only for 1998 were determined in another fraction adjusted to pH 2. Aluminium, Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Bi, and Pb were quantified in all samples by means of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Total and dissolved elemental concentrations were discussed considering the composition of particulate material suspended in the waters removed by streams or by water runoff, or from atmospheric aerosols. Concentrations of dissolved elements change from one lagoon to another. Total and dissolved elemental concentrations could be related to water movement by windstorms, to chemical mechanisms in water and/or to natural and anthropogenic atmospheric factors.     

The Potential of Geothermal Systems in Kenya for Balneological Use

Curative properties of geothermal waters are highly valued in several countries around the world, including China, Iceland, and middle and Eastern European states. Natural hotsprings and fumaroles found in various parts of Kenya have been utilised by the local residents for worship and offering of sacrifices, particularly when afflicted with ailments that were difficult to cure. At the Lake Bogoria Hotel, natural hot water is directed towards a swimming pool, in which hotel guests like to bathe. The major element chemistry of some of the geothermal waters in Kenya is similar to that of waters used at established balneological sites in other parts of the world. Trace element concentrations are less well known. More research is required to understand the factors that impart curative qualities to geothermal waters. Kenya has been developing its geothermal systems for electricity generation, but should also evaluate the different sites for balneological applications.     

Meso—四（4—磺基苯基）卟啉—锌络合吸附波在水样分析中的应用

本文研究了在氨性介质中，Ｍｅｓｏ－四（４－磺基苯基）卟啉与锌离子的络合反应，在沸水浴中，该反应在４ｍｉｎ内完成，并形成稳定的１：１型络合物，其峰电位为－１．３５Ｖ（ｖｓ，ＳＣＥ）将此络合吸附波用于环境水样中痕量锌的测定，获得了满意的结果，本文还对事物及卟啉试剂极谱波的性质做了比较研究。     

福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度遥感定量监测研究

论文在分析MODIS数据对海洋水体反射光谱特征的基础上,选用合适的探测波段构成悬浮泥沙遥感参数,并根据2003~2004年福建近岸海域海洋监控区内9个站点的海洋水色数据建立悬浮泥沙浓度遥感定量反演模式。利用已建立的模式对2001~2005年福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度进行遥感反演,根据反演结果分析该海域悬浮泥沙浓度的分布及其变化特征,着重分析闽江口海域的悬浮泥沙运动特点。结果表明:福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙浓度与基于MODIS蓝光(0.438~0.448μm)和绿光(0.545~0.565μm)探测波段数据构成的遥感参数呈指数函数关系,定量反演效果比较理想,反演结果能客观地揭示福建近岸海域悬浮泥沙的浓度分布及其变化特征,为今后对该海域悬浮泥沙运动规律的深化研究奠定了基础。     

Urban Metal Flows – A Case Study of Stockholm. Review and Conclusions

Metals have rapidly accumulated in the anthroposphere, especiallyin urban areas, indicating possible environmental and resource problems. Here, Stockholm City was chosen for a case study of urban metal flows, i.e. metal inflow to, metals in the stock of,and metal outflow from the anthroposphere to the biosphere. Themetal stock of Stockholm is large and still growing. The large amounts of metals in the solid waste fraction totally dominatethe outflow from the city. For major parts of the stock, the emissions from goods in use are negligible. There are, however,goods applications corresponding to significant emissions: e.g. the traffic sector (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb), the tapwater system (Cu), roofs/fronts or other metal surfaces (Cu, Zn). Today's known metal flows from the anthroposphere of Stockholm to the biosphere and sewage sludge are quantitatively dominated by Zn(34 ton y^-1) and Cu (14 ton y^-1). Historical and present emissions have resulted in high metal concentrations insediments (especially Cd, Hg and Pb, but also Cu and Zn), groundwater (Cu, Hg) and in soils (Hg, Cu, Pb). At present theannual median concentrations are below the Swedish limits for metals in sewage sludge, even if the safety margins aresmall for Cd, Hg and to some extent Cu. The flows of Cu and Zn to Stockholm soils are high with a significant accumulationindicating an environmental impact in a longer time perspective.High levels of metals in surface sediments in the waterenvironments reflects an ongoing input where these metals aretransported from known (Cu, Zn) and or partly unknown (Cd, Hg, Pb) sources. In future urban areas, monitoring of metal flows must be performed both in the anthroposphere and the biospherein order to have a pro active approach to urban environmentalproblems and to get prompt answers to measures taken.     

藻类对湖泊水体中甲拌辛光降解的影响

研究了在不同水深、不同水质、不同光照条件、不同水体运动状态的水样中,藻类对甲拌辛光降解的影响。结果表明,藻类在生长过程中吸收光降解的产物,从而促进光降解反应的进行。因此,藻类对湖泊水体中甲拌辛的光降解有促进作用。     

The Loch Fleet Project in the Context of Acidification Reduction Measures

At Loch Fleet, and in other liming studies in similar environments, catchment liming is successful if an adequate amount of lime is added to hydrological source areas. Geochemical modelling demonstrates that the relatively late acidification of L. Fleet is consistent with the ameliorating effect of an alkaline groundwater input: the presence of this input implies that had the Loch not been limed in 1985 it would have recovered to conditions suitable for fish in about 20 years, given current commitments to sulphur emission reductions. Lakes without similar alkaline groundwater are not likely to recover as quickly. the different consequences of liming and emission reduction as methods of restoring acid waters are reviewed and contrasted. Restoration of waters by liming may result in some undesirable effects on the terrestrial catchment: these are discussed but it is concluded that catchment liming, used with discrimination, can be an acceptable management tool.