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排序方式: 共有297条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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In field arsenic removal from natural water by zero-valent iron assisted by solar radiation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cornejo L Lienqueo H Arenas M Acarapi J Contreras D Yáñez J Mansilla HD 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):827-831
An in situ arsenic removal method applicable to highly contaminated water is presented. The method is based in the use of steel wool, lemon juice and solar radiation. The method was evaluated using water from the Camarones River, Atacama Desert in northern Chile, in which the arsenic concentration ranges between 1000 and 1300 μg L−1. Response surface method analysis was used to optimize the amount of zero-valent iron (steel wool) and the citrate concentration (lemon juice) to be used. The optimal conditions when using solar radiation to remove arsenic from natural water from the Camarones river are: 1.3 g L−1 of steel wool and one drop (ca. 0.04 mL) of lemon juice. Under these conditions, removal percentages are higher than 99.5% and the final arsenic concentration is below 10 μg L−1. This highly effective arsenic removal method is easy to use and inexpensive to implement. 相似文献
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Modulation of steroidogenesis by coastal waters and sewage effluents of Hong Kong, China, using the H295R assay 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Gracia T Jones PD Higley EB Hilscherova K Newsted JL Murphy MB Chan AK Zhang X Hecker M Lam PK Wu RS Giesy JP 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):332-343
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: The presence of a variety of pollutants in the aquatic environment that can potentially interfere with the production of sex steroid hormones in wildlife and humans has been of increasing concern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of extracts from Hong Kong marine waters, and influents and effluents from wastewater treatment plants on steroidogenesis using the H295R cell bioassay. After exposing H295R cells to extracts of water, the expression of four steroidogenic genes and the production of three steroid hormones were measured. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water samples were collected during the summer of 2005 from 24 coastal marine areas and from the influents and effluents of two major waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in Hong Kong, China. Samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE). H295R cells were exposed for 48 h to dilutions of these extracts. Modulations of the expression of the steroidogenic genes CYP19, CYP17, 3betaHSD2, and CYP11beta2 were determined by measuring mRNA concentrations by real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR). Production of the hormones progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS: Extracts from samples collected in two fish culture areas inhibited growth and proliferation of H295R cells at concentrations greater or equal to 10(5) L equivalents. The cells were exposed to the equivalent concentration of active substances in 10,000 L of water. Thus, to observe the same level of effect as observed in vitro on aquatic organisms would require a bioaccumulation factor of this same magnitude. None of the other 22 marine samples affected growth of the cells at any dilution tested. Twelve of the marine water samples completely inhibited the expression of CYP19 without affecting E2 production; inhibition of CYP17 expression was observed only in one of the samples while expression of CYP11beta2 was induced as much as five- and ninefold after exposure of cells to extracts from two locations. The expression of the progesterone gene 3betaHSD2 was not affected by any of the samples; only one sample induced approximately fourfold the production of E2. Although more than twofold inductions were observed for P and T production, none of these values were statistically significant to conclude effects on the production of these two hormones. While influents from WWTPs did not affect gene expression, an approximately 30% inhibition in the production of E2 and a 40% increase in P occurred for the exposure with influents from the Sha Tin and Stonecutters WWTPs, respectively. Effluents from WWTPs did not affect the production of any of the studied hormones, but a decrement in the expression of the aldosterone gene CYP11beta2 was observed for the Sha Tin WWTP exposure. No direct correlation could be established between gene expression and hormone production. DISCUSSION: Observed cytotoxicity in the two samples from fish culture areas suggest the presence of toxic compounds; chemical analysis is required for their full identification. Although effluents from WWTPs did not affect hormone production, other types of endocrine activity such as receptor-mediated effects cannot be ruled out. Interactions due to the complexity of the samples and alternative steroidogenic pathways might explain the lack of correlation between gene expression and hormone production results. CONCLUSIONS: Changes observed in gene expression and hormone production suggest the presence in Hong Kong coastal waters of pollutants with endocrine disruption potential and others of significant toxic effects. The aromatase and aldosterone genes seem to be the most affected by the exposures, while E2 and P are the hormones with more significant changes observed. Results also suggest effectiveness in the removing of compounds with endocrine activity by the WWTPs studied, as effluent samples did not significantly affect hormone production. The H295R cell showed to be a valuable toll in the battery required for the analysis of endocrine disrupting activities of complex environmental samples. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Due to the intrinsic complexity of environmental samples, a combination of analytical tools is required to realistically assess environmental conditions, especially in aquatic systems. In the evaluation of endocrine disrupting activities, the H295R cell bioassay should be used in combination with other genomic, biological, chemical, and hydrological tests to establish viable modes for endocrine disruption and identify compounds responsible for the observed effects. 相似文献
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矿区含氡深井水通过实验室小规模除氡试验。结果表明:敞口贮存,曝气和活性炭吸附是除氡的三种有效方法。本文对试验各种过程和结果进行分析讨论。 相似文献
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环厦门海域水色变化的多光谱多时相遥感分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用基于影像光谱信息建立的水质遥感模型对环厦门海域1989~2003年间的水色变化进行了分析.通过对水体及其所含物质的物理光学性质分析,水质遥感模型的建立可以不依赖于和卫星同步的水质采样数据建立水质遥感.这使得遥感对水色分析的应用更容易,而且还可以利用大量卫星存档数据来进行水质的历史变化分析.使用基于可见光和近红外波段反射率创建的模型研究了离水信号和水中物质(悬浮物和浮游植物)的关系.提出了一套可用于Landsat TM/ETM 和SPOT 5影像的水专题处理流程,并用于揭示所研究海域中悬浮物和叶绿素浓度的时空变化规律.研究表明,利用基于影像光谱的水质遥感模型,可以快速有效地揭示长时间范围内水色的时空变化.总的看来,环厦门海域的悬浮物浓度在所研究的时期内,有显著的增加,叶绿素的浓度在局部也有明显的升高.最明显的是,高悬浮物浓度的海域面积所占的比例从1989年的0.2%上升到2003年的10.2%.综合分析表明,九龙江河口所带来的巨量悬浮物是该海域最主要的陆源排海物和污染源,过度的水产养殖是另一个主要的污染因子. 相似文献