青田县酸雨现状与成因分析

根据2003年-2007年青田县降水和大气监测数据,对青田县大气污染因子（SO2、NO2和TSP）和降水现状进行了分析,并对酸雨形成的原因进行了探讨。结果表明,青田县酸雨污染问题比较严重。从年变化趋势来看,酸雨强度较大,受酸性降水污染较重,且有逐年加重的趋势;从季度变化趋势来看,第一、四季度酸雨污染问题突出;从月份变化趋势来看,1月-3月、10月-12月酸雨污染问题较4月-9月严重。其形成主要是因为上风方向的S02、NOx等污染物浓度超标,随着天气系统的移动而被携带至本地区所致,同时与降水量、风速、气温和大气层结等气象条件关系密切。     

元素-锶同位素技术在农产品原产地溯源中的应用

农产品质量安全及其产地溯源是当今世界共同关注的问题。国际上,将元素-同位素技术应用到农产品溯源领域正受到极大关注。通过研究农产品原产地土壤、岩石、降水及地表水等环境因子中元素-同位素组成与农产品之间的对应关系,可定位农产品原产地及其生长地域环境地球化学特征。目前,追溯农产品产地的技术方法存在同位素分馏效应,人为干扰因素...     

Plant origin of Okinawan propolis: honeybee behavior observation and phytochemical analysis

Propolis is a natural resinous product collected by honeybees from certain plants. It has gained popularity as a food and alternative medicine. Poplar and Baccharis are well known as the source plants of European and Brazilian propolis, respectively. However, the propolis from Okinawa, Japan, contains some prenylflavonoids not seen in other regions such as Europe and Brazil, suggesting that the plant origin of Okinawan propolis is a particular plant that grows in Okinawa. To identify the plant origin of Okinawan propolis, we observed the behavior of honeybees as they collected material from plants and caulked it inside the hive. Honeybees scraped resinous material from the surface of plant fruits of Macaranga tanarius and brought it back to their hive to use it as propolis. We collected samples of the plant and propolis, and compared their constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photo-diode array detector. We also compared their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The chemical constituents and biological activity of the ethanol extracts of the plant did not differ from those of propolis. This indicates directly that the plant origin of Okinawan propolis is M. tanarius. S. K. and J. N. contributed equally to this work.     

阳宗海总磷环境容量与总磷超标的原因分析

在核算阳宗海入湖总磷负荷、阳宗海水量平衡的基础上,通过计算阳宗海总磷环境容量,对阳宗海总磷变化规律进行解析,并分析了总磷超标原因。     

珠江口和邻近海域沉积有机质的来源及其沉积通量的时空变化

分析了珠江口和邻近海域沉积有机质(OM)的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)及稳定碳同位素组成〔δ(13C)〕等地球化学参数,并对有机质的来源和沉积通量进行了研究. 结果表明,珠江口沉积有机质来自大陆(52%)和水生(48%)混合来源;而邻近海域沉积有机质主要为水生来源(93%). 珠江口陆源有机质含量〔w(T－OC)为5.4 　mg/g〕远远高于邻近海域(0.49 　mg/g),近年来珠江口TOC和陆源有机质(T-OC)的平均沉积通量分别为5.57和2.2～3.6 mg/(cm2·a),说明珠江河口接受了大量的陆源有机物的输入,这是由于自20世纪后期的几十年以来,华南地区经济快速增长造成大量土地开垦,以及工农业生产和生活污水的排放所致. 珠江口和邻近海域的水生有机质沉积通量在近年均呈增加趋势,在珠江口达到最大值3.6 mg/(cm2·a),说明大量的营养物质导致水体的富营养化,从而促使水域初级生产力的增长.      

干旱定义及其指标评述

本文对气象、水文、农业、经济四种干旱类型的概念进行了论述，并对这四种干旱类型之间的并、交和包含关系及其指标进行了探讨。     

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments: a chemometric and geochemical approach

The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments of the Hindon River, India that receives both treated and untreated municipal and industrial discharges generated in and around Ghaziabad, India. Mean metals concentrations (mg kg⁻¹) were in the range of; Cu: 21.70-280.33, Cd: 0.29-6.29, Fe: 4151.75-17318.75, Zn: 22.22.50-288.29, Ni: 13.90-57.66, Mn: 49.55-516.97, Cr: 17.48-33.70 and Pb: 27.56-313.57 respectively. Chemometric analysis was applied to identify contribution sources by heavy metals while geochemical approaches (enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index) were exploited for the assessment of the enrichment and contamination level of heavy metals in the river sediments. Chemometric analysis suggested anthropic origin of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni while Fe showed lithogenic origin. Mn and Cr was associated and controlled by mixed origin. Geochemical approach confirms the anthropogenic influence of heavy metal pollution in the river sediments. The study suggests that a complementary approach that integrates chemometric analysis, sediment quality criteria, and geochemical investigation should be considered in order to provide a more accurate appraisal of the heavy metal pollution in river sediments. Consequently, it may serve to undertake and design effective strategies and remedial measures to prevent further deterioration of the river ecosystem in future.     

室内环境污染与人体健康

主要介绍了室内环境污染的来源及对人类健康的影响、污染物的监测方法，并针对我国的实际情况提出控制室内污染的措施。     

黄河沉积物中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源分析

根据黄河干流和支流沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量,分析了PAHs分布特征.结果表明,黄河支流沉积物中PAHs污染明显大于干流,其顺序为依洛河>汾河>蟒河.PAHs的种类与芳环数分布情况表明,黄河支流中的PAHs主要来源于石油烃类污染,依洛河也存在部分矿石燃料煤不完全燃烧的热解成因.沉积物有机污染物风险评价的结果表明,3条支流处于高生态风险区,对该地区的生物具有较大的不利影响.