潜叶虫潜道图像分析

为通过潜叶虫潜食叶片所留下的潜道分析其分类、行为和生态,应用Getdata图形数字化软件和R语言,提取线形潜道的数字化图像,并获得各种图像形状参数,如平均转角、转角集中度、分维D、直线度ST、蜿蜒度SN等.结果发现:大多数潜道的平均转角较小(不超过±25.0°),转角集中度较高(>0.600),说明潜食方向大多保持为前进方向;多数潜道的ST在0.010到0.300之间,数值极小,而SN一般都超过0.600,表明多数潜叶昆虫潜道的蜿蜒程度非常大;米楮上两种潜叶蛾的潜道形状参数如D和ST存在显著差异.     

影像纹理窗口大小对山地阔叶林不同群落有效叶面积指数估测的影响

森林叶面积指数是陆地表面过程和地球系统气候模型的基本参数,更是森林结构的关键参数之一,已广泛应用于辐射、植物光合作用和降雨截流估测等方面。论文以川西南山地阔叶林5种不同群落类型为研究对象,基于地面调查的112个20 m×20 m样地和SPOT 5数据,运用5种图像处理技术,包括光谱反射率、植被指数、影像单波段纹理、简单波段比纹理和主成分纹理,提取相应影像信息,建立多元回归模型估算有效叶面积指数（LAIe）。结果表明：光谱反射率、单波段纹理参数和植被指数对LAIe估测能力相对较低,利用植被指数仅获得实测LAIe约65%的精度（R²=0.65,RMSE=0.28 m²/m²）;更为有效的是运用所有比值处理的纹理特征参数值来估测LAIe,可获得实测LAIe约74%的变异（R² =0.74,RMSE=0.20 m²/m²）;改进最理想的是利用主成分处理建立的回归模型（R²=0.85,RMSE=0.10 m²/m²）。不同群落的LAIe估测,整体上相应地优于研究区结果,其中栲群落决定系数R²更是高达0.89（RMSE=0.07 m²/m²）。对于研究区阔叶林以窗口7×7、9×9比较成功,而各群落以窗口9×9较好。因此比值处理、主成分处理的纹理特征参数引入及高空间分辨率数据的使用,能显著提高LAIe估测精度。     

An Attempt at Preventing Asthenopia Among VDT Workers

We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch Eye^TM, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch Eye^TM on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch Eye^TM was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions.     

秦皇岛城市旅游广告的形象定位设计与发展趋势研究

以搜集、整合和分析国内外有关城市旅游广告理论研究资料为基础,从视觉形象设计入手,分析秦皇岛城市旅游广告形象设计问题现状和特点,提出秦皇岛在实施"旅游立市"发展战略中城市旅游广告的形象定位设计的传播策略。     

Investigation of the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion in storage

Spontaneous combustion of sulfide concentrates can cause many serious problems during storage. In this study, two representative samples (sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate and iron-rich sulfide concentrate) were investigated for the self-heating behavior using the crossing-point temperature (CPT) method. The corresponding apparent activation energies were determined, 13.7366 kJ/mol for iron-rich sulfide concentrate and 21.3817 kJ/mol for sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of sulfide concentrate stockpiles in different seasons were also measured by a thermal image apparatus. It was found the temperature for iron-rich sulfide concentrate stockpile was higher than that for rich-sulfur sulfide concentrate stockpile. These research results show iron-rich sulfide concentrate exhibits stronger propensity to spontaneous combustion than sulfur-rich sulfide concentrate. Particular attention should be paid to the fire hazard of iron-rich sulfide concentrate in daily safety check work. The combination of the CPT method with the infrared thermal image measurement provides a new approach for the risk assessment on the propensity of sulfide concentrates to spontaneous combustion during the production, storage and transportation. The useful data and experience achieved in this investigation can be also referenced in similar cases later.     

上海崇明县植被覆盖度动态变化遥感监测研究

植被覆盖度是用于描述和评价生态系统的重要参数。基于1989、2001、2006年的TM/ETM+遥感数据,以上海市崇明县为研究区域,利用改进的像元二分模型,估算出不同时期内崇明县的植被覆盖度,并对其变化进行了定量分析。结果表明:1989-2001年,植被覆盖度负向变化地表约10.17%,正向变化约20.58%,乡镇和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,农场区域则相反;2001-2006年,负向变化约29.1%,正向变化约12%,农场和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,乡镇区域则相反,并且随着城市化进程的深入,各土地用地类型的植被覆盖度变化在一定程度上都呈现出生态退化的趋势。     

浅析景区规划的CIS导入

以南京著名旅游景区玄武湖公园为例,该景区多年来虽经数次数规划和修缮,仍然存在不少问题和不尽人意之处。究其原因,主要是公园定位模糊、布局凌乱、解说系统不完善、旅游环境破坏严重。改善现状的最佳方法是导入ＣＩＳ,进行总体形象规划。作者提出了规划方案以及引入ＭＩ、ＢＩ、ＶＩ等概念和具体作法,为南京玄弄湖景区进一步发展提出了具体实施意见,同时也为其它类似景区的开发和规划提供了科学的参考意见。     

浅析宜宾市旅游资源开发的方向与对策

通过分析宜宾市旅游资源开发的现状及问题,对该市旅游资源的开发方向提出了自己的见解,并具体论述了该市旅游资源开发的对策。     

Cryptic prey colouration increases search time in brown trout (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmo trutta</Emphasis>): effects of learning and body size

Little is known about how cryptic colouration influences prey search in near-surface aquatic habitats, although such knowledge is critical for understanding the adaptive value of colour crypsis as well as the perceptive constraints influencing foraging behaviour in these environments. This study had two main aims: (1) to investigate how background colour matching by prey affects foraging efficiency by brown trout parr and (2) to investigate how foraging ability on cryptic and conspicuous prey is affected by fish size at age (reflecting dominance). We addressed these questions by training wild brown trout parr to forage individually on live brown-coloured maggots on a cryptic (brown) or conspicuous (green) background. A separate experiment confirmed the absence of trout preference for brown or green substrate. The results show that prey background colour matching increases search time in brown trout. Search time generally decreased by learning, but conspicuous prey remained an easier prey to find throughout the six training trials. Thus, perceptive constraints appear to limit search efficiency for cryptic prey, suggesting that cryptic colouration can confer survival benefits to prey in natural environments. Smaller fish generally found conspicuous prey faster than larger individuals, whereas search time for cryptic prey was not influenced by body size. This suggests that smaller individuals compensate for inferior competitive ability by increasing foraging activity rather than improving cognitive ability. The technique of varying cognitive demands in behavioural tasks could be used more in future studies aimed at distinguishing motivational effects from cognitive explanations for variation in behavioural performance.     

热电池失效分析及等效加速贮存试验技术

目的 建立基于实测环境载荷的热电池等效加速贮存试验技术,掌握其在环境载荷作用下的性能退化规律。方法 在分析热电池组成和所受环境载荷情况的基础上,分析热电池的主要失效模式,设计基于实测环境数据的等效加速贮存试验,开展热电池等效加速贮存试验,分析热电池性能和热图像的变化情况,利用粒子滤波算法对电池剩余电容量进行预测。结果 随加速循环次数（时间）的增加,热电池的电容量下降。热图像表明,热电池经过等效加速贮存试验后,其放电过程表面温度要高于初始放电表面温度。粒子滤波算法能够有效模拟电容量的退化过程,电池剩余电容量预测结果与试验结果误差在10%以内。结论 等效加速贮存试验得到了热电池的性能退化规律,从而为热电池的贮存试验提供一种解决方案。