局部地区印染废水集中治理探索

分析了地区性的印染废水排放情况以及水污染治理的现状,综合比较了印染废水的主要处理工艺,对地区印染废水实施集中治理进行了初步设想,并推荐了主要处理工艺和流程,对提高行业水污染治理水平、改善区域环境质量具有探索性意义.     

Short-term Model of the Production of Construction Aggregates in Taiwan Based on Artificial Neural Networks

BACKGROUND: Taiwan's geography and limited stock of sandstone have caused sandstone resources to gradually decline to the point of exhaustion after long-term excavation. Moreover, the Taiwanese government has continuously increased the amount of land area near rivers that cannot be excavated to facilitate riverbed remediation and promote conservation of water resources. Accordingly, predicting and managing the annual production of construction aggregates in future construction projects, and dealing appropriately with some thorny problems, for instance, demand that excess supply, excessive excavation, unregulated excavation, and the consequent environmental damage, will significantly affect the efficient use of natural resources in a manner that accords with the national policy of Sustainable Development (SD). METHODS:. This study establishes an empirical model for forecasting the annual production of future construction aggregates using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), based on 15 relevant socio-economic indicators, such as indicator of annual consumption of cement. A sensitivity analysis is then performed on these indicators. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This work applies ANN to estimate the annual production of construction aggregates; the estimates, the verification of the model and the sensitivity analysis are all acceptable. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis results indicate that the annual consumption of cement is the indicator that most strongly influences the production of construction aggregates, as well as whether construction waste can be recycled and steel structures can be used in buildings, helping to reduce the future production of construction aggregates in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: The elaborate prediction methodology presented in this study avoids some of the weaknesses or limitations of conventional linear statistics, linear programming or system dynamics. Additionally, the results not only provide a short-term prediction of the production of construction aggregates in Taiwan, but also provide a viable and flexible means of verifying quality certification of the production data of construction aggregates in the future by incorporating those relevant socio-economic indicators. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The continuity and quality of the database of relevant indicators used in this study should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the SD means of exploiting resources.     

Quantifying landscape-ecological succession in a coastal dune system using sequential aerial photography and GIS

Summary This contribution presents an attempt to measure the path of habitat and vegetation succession in a coastal dune system (Kenfig Burrows, South Wales) using remote sensing and GIS. The loss of slack habitats associated with the continuing stabilization of this dune system is a major cause for concern. These habitats support a range of plant species, including the rare fen orchid,Liparis loeselii, as well as other hydrophytes. A decrease in their areal extent implies a reduction in biodiversity. To quantify the overall rate and spatial dimension of these changes, a series of aerial photographs dating from 1962 to 1994 were digitized and analysed in an image processing system. The resultant maps. transferred to a vector-based GIS, were used to derive a transition matrix for the dune system over this period of time. The results indicate that there has been a marked reduction in the total area of bare sand (19.6% of the dune system in 1962, but only 1.5% in 1994) and a decline in both the areal extent and the number of dune slacks. Over the same period of time, there has been an increase inSalix repens dominated habitats, at the expense of pioneer species. Analysis of the habitat maps, together with hydrological data, within the GIS suggests that even the dry slacks have the potential for further greening and to support invasive species. In terms of habitat management however, there is still scope to restore many of the slacks to their original state. It is estimated that at least 24% of the area occupied by partially and moderately vegetated slacks could be rehabilitated.     

无锡市水环境的卫星遥感分析

利用计算机图像处理和多元统计方法处理了无锡市卫星遥感数据,形象直观地显示了无锡市水环境的宏观面貌,较好地反映了无锡水网主干河道的水质空间分布特征。研究表明,卫星遥感技术作为地面监测方法的一种有效补充,可提供丰富的遥感水质信息。     

应用陆地卫星TM图象编制闽北土壤图(1:10万)的方法研究

以TM原图象合成的标准假彩色和似自然色图象作目视解译为主,根据土壤及其相关地物的野外光谱测定数据,分析其影象色调特征;用TM 7个波段原始黑白图象作对比解译,以预测不同地物的彩色合或效果并选择最佳合成方案;用TM6热红外图象作假彩色等密度分割处理,以提取随海而异的地面温度场和土壤类型垂直分带信息;用TM比值图象及其假彩色合成处理,以逐步增强并提取土壤信息;最后参照同比例尺地质图和地形图等相关资料,完成土壤图的编制。     

基于Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹破坏模式的条带矿柱破坏宽度研究

采用条带法进行地下开采时,条带矿柱的裂纹扩展导致了矿柱的最终破坏,且裂纹多表现为Ⅰ型裂纹与Ⅱ型裂纹复合扩展破坏特征。根据采场矿柱受力条件,确定条带矿柱受两侧采场空区影响时矿柱内Ⅰ-П复合型裂纹尖端的Westergaard应力函数,采用HoekBrown强度准则计算采场作业面围岩破坏区的边界条件,建立了矿柱破坏宽度计算模型。以上横山页岩矿床为研究对象,采用物理相似模拟试验,模拟条带法回采某盘区3个试验区段,利用DIP法分析受地应力及回采扰动作用下矿柱的裂纹发育特征,验证模型的有效性。结果表明,条带及其条带矿柱均为15 m等设计参数条件下,计算模型矿柱破坏宽度理论值分别为17.66 m、15.56 m和10.28 m,试验模拟结果分别为完全大于15 m、约为15 m和10.5~11.0 m,试验结果与依据模型计算的理论值相近。     

N2和CO2抑制煤燃烧火焰特性对比试验研究

为了研究N_2和CO_2气体灭火剂在抑制煤明火燃烧特性方面的不同,通过搭建受限空间煤明火燃烧试验,分别开展了11.97%、16.81%、20.76%的N_2和10.79%、14.89%、20.32%的CO_2作用下煤明火燃烧抑制试验。鉴于火焰表面积变化与热释放速率变化呈正相关,基于火焰图像分析法开展试验研究。试验过程中,首先,通过数码摄像仪记录不同体积分数惰性气体作用下煤燃烧火焰面积的变化,然后利用Matlab软件进行火焰图像特征提取和"对比度增强"预处理,消除图像记录过程中存在的噪声,以便于有效进行火焰目标识别;其次,基于"阈值法"原理,利用Image-Pro Plus软件对预处理过的火焰目标进行识别和计算,进而实时获得试验过程中火焰表面积;最后,使用小波变换理论对火焰表面积变化曲线进行消噪处理,以获得火焰表面积变化趋势及主要波动信息。结果表明,CO_2比N_2具有更好的熄灭煤明火燃烧的能力,CO_2作用下煤火火焰表面积呈现指数下降,而N_2作用下呈现直线下降,且CO_2的灭火时间比N_2缩短了25%以上。该试验结果明确了N_2和CO_2在熄灭煤明火特性上的不同,弥补了CO_2仅比N_2具有更好的抑爆特性的认识。     

香港近海海域叶绿素a定量反演及时空变化分析

以2009~2019年HJ-1A/B卫星多光谱数据和对应日期的实测数据为数据源,通过预处理提取出各波段组合反射率并与实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行统计相关性分析,选取相关性最高的波段组合作为特征变量与2/3的实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行建模,并用剩下的1/3实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行精度验证以确定最佳遥感反演模型,最后根据最佳反演模型对2009-2019年的香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度进行反演,明晰该海域近10年的叶绿素a浓度时空变化特征.结果表明：利用HJ-1A/B卫星多光谱数据反演香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度的最佳波段组合为第3波段和第2波段比值（B3/B2）,相关系数（r）为0.893;最佳反演模型为利用B3/B2构建的e指数回归模型（Chl=0.004e^6.693(B3/B2)）,决定系数（R²）为0.934,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.255μg/L,平均相对误差（RPD）为25%;近10年香港近海海域的叶绿素a浓度时空变化特征：空间上整体呈现“东高西低,由东向西逐渐减小”的分布特征,西部海域比东部海域平均浓度低5μg/L左右;2017年内呈“春低秋高,夏升冬降”的随季节变化特点,其中秋季最高,夏春两季次之,冬季最低.     

基于AVI技术的环境试验过程监控方法设计

对计算机视觉检测在国内外工业智能检测领域的研究应用现状进行了综述,同时创新地提出了一种基于图像识别技术的环境试验过程监控方法,并初步验证了其可行性。     

Estimation of Efficiency of Processing Soil Samples for Pesticide Residues Analysis

The efficiency of four sample processing methods was tested with eight different types of soils representing the major proportion of cultivated soils. The principle of sampling constant was applied for characterizing the efficiency of the procedures and testing the well-mixed status of the prepared soil. The test material was 14C-labeled atrazine that enabled keeping the random error of analyses ≤ about 1%. Adding water to the soil proved to be the most efficient and generally applicable procedure resulting in about 6% relative sample processing uncertainty for 20 g test portions. The expected error is inversely proportional to the mass of test portion. Smashing and manual mixing of soil resulted in about four times higher uncertainty than mixing with water. Grinding of soil is applicable for dry soils only, but the test procedure applied was not suitable for estimating a typical uncertainty of processing dry soil samples. Adding dry ice did not improve the efficiency of sample processing.