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141.
以海藻酸钠为载体,对烟嘧磺隆降解菌SY-6进行细胞固定化,通过单因素实验明确了菌株包埋SY-6的最优条件,并对其降解特性进行研究。结果表明,当海藻酸钠含量为4%,Ca Cl2含量为3%,固化时间为4 h,制得的固定化小球具有较强的机械强度和较好的传质性能及其对烟嘧磺隆的降解率较高。固定化细胞降解烟嘧磺隆的最佳条件为p H为7.0、温度为30℃、包菌量为5%。在不同p H或温度下,与游离细胞相比,固定化细胞有较宽泛的耐受性。将包埋的SY-6投加到序批式反应器(简称SBR)中处理烟嘧磺隆废水,结果表明,菌株SY-6在合适的使用周期内稳定性较高且对烟嘧磺隆废水降解效果较好,为烟嘧磺隆固定化细菌的工程化应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
142.
提出一种污泥预植重金属炭化后固定的概念,并以重金属Cu为代表,以CuCl2的形式植入;研究了在不同Cu预植浓度、不同温度下炭化后污泥本身以及额外添加的重金属在炭中的保留率以及稳定特性,同时采用不同的浸出方法,确定与污泥炭最终处置目标相关的最大可预植量.结果表明,在污泥中Cu的预植量为0.5%(质量分数,以Cu元素计)时,经过热解炭化,90%以上的Cu都保留在污泥炭中,其固定效果与温度有关,400℃以上时,炭化温度越高,Cu越容易浸出.在污泥中预植重金属Cu存在最大容量限制,最大可预植量与污泥炭最终处置目标有关,若选择在卫生填埋场进行填埋,则Cu的预植量不宜超过0.5%.本研究提供了一种污泥包裹其他含重金属的废料共炭化实现无害化的新思路,从而达到用污泥治废的效果. 相似文献
143.
Wiszniowski J Surmacz-Górska J Robert D Weber JV 《Journal of environmental management》2007,85(1):59-68
A pre-denitrification activated sludge system (AS) without internal recycle was used in lab-scale studies of landfill leachate treatment. A bentonite supplement at a ratio of 1:4 (mineral : biomass) was used to ensure high sludge settling levels and to serve as a micro-organisms carrier. The system was operated within different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), ammonia loading rate (ALR) or external recycle ratio, which was adapted to treat varying leachate concentrations of COD and ammonia, ranging from 1020 to 2680 mgO(2)l(-1) and 400-890 mgNH(4)-Nl(-1) respectively. The nitrification was complete and ammonia oxidation reached 99%; this was obtained while the ALR did not exceed 0.09 g NH(4)(+)-Ng(-1)MLVSS d(-1) and HRT was not lower than 1 day (in the aeration reactor). The performance of denitrification was successfully improved by controlling the external recycle rate, when the BOD(5)/N ratio in the raw leachate was 4.1. Consequently, N-removal of up to 80% was achieved. A 10-fold decrease in the denitrification rate was obtained at a BOD(5)/N ratio of 0.5. The efficiency of COD removal varied significantly from 36% to 84%. The positive effect of bentonite addition was determined and is discussed based on preliminary studies. The experiments were carried out in fill-and-draw activated sludge with bentonite; the biomass ratio was 1:2. The activated sludge with bentonite was fed with a synthetic high ammonia and organic-free medium. 相似文献
144.
固定化曝气生物滤池处理采油废水 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9
采用一种特殊载体固定复合微生物B350M在曝气生物滤池反应系统中处理采油废水.废水中的盐度>0.5%,N、P营养缺乏,有机物浓度较低.在HRT为4h、COD容积负荷为1.07 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,小试反应装置稳定运行142d,处理效果良好,石油类、TOC、COD和H2S的平均降解效率分别达到90.5%、74.4%、85.6%和100%.GC-MS分析表明,进水中含有机物27种,其中烷烃类23种,芳烃类4种.此反应系统可以将大分子量烷烃类物质(C18H38至C28H58),尤其是其中的支链烷烃切碎形成小分子量物质,并有效地处理菲等多环芳烃.反应系统中,生态多样性丰富,载体为微生物提供了良好的水、气环境,抵御盐度、有机污染物的毒害作用,并可以固定丝状菌,因而避免出现污泥膨胀,出水SS过高等影响出水水质的情况. 相似文献
145.
接种白腐菌堆肥修复五氯酚污染的土壤 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用4组堆肥装置A、B、C、D,分别往五氯酚污染土壤中不加外来菌、加入固定化黄孢原毛平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)、加入游离黄孢原毛平革菌及暴露在空气中不做任何处理.对其进行对比研究,探讨了利用堆肥的方法对五氯酚污染土壤进行生物修复的可行性.结果说明,添加黄孢原毛平革菌进行堆肥修复其效果要好于不加菌的效果,经过60d的堆肥,PCP基本得到降解,降解率都达到了94%以上,其中固定化菌又优于游离菌,固定化菌在第9d对PCP的降解率就达到了50%.此外,通过分析种子发芽率,有机质,微生物量碳等多项指标可以看出各组堆肥的腐熟情况都比较理想,为黄孢原毛平革菌降解五氯酚的过程提供了良好的外部环境,使土壤修复与堆肥能较好地结合起来. 相似文献
146.
Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene (BaP). The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP. 相似文献
147.
Nine New Zealand native white-rot fungi were studied for their ability to grow and survive on different substrates formulated from bark, wheat straw, sawdust, apple pomace and maize products in order to identify their pentachlorophenol (PCP) biodegradation potential and to select a fungal carrier for bioaugmentation of polluted soils. Isolates were also evaluated to mineralize (14)C-PCP in liquid culture and in soil. The American fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium outgrew the native fungi on the substrates tested, but the high colonisation did not result in superior PCP dechlorination as measured by chloride release. Whilst Trametes versicolor inocula produced on wheat straw and SCS (sawdust-corn meal-starch-mix) gave the highest chloride release, colonization of these two substrates as measured by biological potential was lower compared to the pomace and pomace-sawdust-mix. Neither lignin peroxidase nor manganese peroxidase production were measured for New Zealand white-rot fungi during the experiments. Laccase was the only enzyme detected. In liquid culture, the mineralisation rate was higher for T. versicolor isolates compared to P. chyrysoporium. Very little to no pentachloroanisole (PCA) was captured in the volatile fraction of T. versicolor isolates, whereas 75% of the volatile fraction of P. chrysosporium consisted of PCA. The soil microcosms studies, using contaminated soil from a timber treatment site, clearly showed that the New Zealand T. versicolor isolates mineralized PCP. Degradation of PCP in non-sterile soil was higher in the presence of white-rot fungi than in soil without white-rot fungus. This demonstrates that viable white-rot fungus is necessary for significant PCP degradation and that T. versicolor isolates showed PCP remediation potential. Wheat straw and SCS could be suitable carriers for New Zealand native T. versicolor isolates for bioremediation of PCP polluted soil sites. 相似文献
148.
149.
150.
孙杰 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2005,15(1):102-104
档案是自然、社会和人类思维活动的真实反映.它作为一种载体,记录着人类的历史、文明、发展和智慧,是衡量一个国家文明程度的标尺,是人类进步的基础,是知识和信息的汇集. 相似文献