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171.
Effects of age and sex ratios on offspring recruitment rates in translocated black rhinoceros 下载免费PDF全文
Jay V. Gedir Peter R. Law Pierre du Preez Wayne L. Linklater 《Conservation biology》2018,32(3):628-637
Success of animal translocations depends on improving postrelease demographic rates toward establishment and subsequent growth of released populations. Short‐term metrics for evaluating translocation success and its drivers, like postrelease survival and fecundity, are unlikely to represent longer‐term outcomes. We used information theory to investigate 25 years of data on black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) translocations. We used the offspring recruitment rate (ORR) of translocated females—a metric integrating survival, fecundity, and offspring recruitment at sexual maturity—to detect determinants of success. Our unambiguously best model (AICω = 0.986) predicted that ORR increases with female age at release as a function of lower postrelease adult rhinoceros sex ratio (males:females). Delay of first postrelease reproduction and failure of some females to recruit any calves to sexual maturity most influenced the pattern of ORRs, and the leading causes of recruitment failure were postrelease female death (23% of all females) and failure to calve (24% of surviving females). We recommend translocating older females (≥6 years old) because they do not exhibit the reproductive delay and low ORRs of juveniles (<4 years old) or the higher rates of recruitment failure of juveniles and young adults (4–5.9 years old). Where translocation of juveniles is necessary, they should be released into female‐biased populations, where they have higher ORRs. Our study offers the unique advantage of a long‐term analysis across a large number of replicate populations—a science‐by‐management experiment as a proxy for a manipulative experiment, and a rare opportunity, particularly for a large, critically endangered taxon such as the black rhinoceros. Our findings differ from previous recommendations, reinforce the importance of long‐term data sets and comprehensive metrics of translocation success, and suggest attention be shifted from ecological to social constraints on population growth and species recovery, particularly when translocating species with polygynous breeding systems. 相似文献
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论述了磷化铝生产废气的治理工艺、吸收剂选择及填料塔主要设计参数。水、液碱均可以作为吸收剂。以水为吸收剂,塔底出液pH<1时可用石灰乳中和后循环使用;当液碱作为吸收剂时P2O5被NaOH溶液吸收,当循环液中磷酸盐浓度较高时,可用来制作混合肥。 相似文献
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization and nodulation of groundnut were examined in nine soils collected from subsistence farmers’ fields in Zimbabwe. Nodule number, shoot dry weight, shoot N and P contents, and AMF colonization were assessed after 6 weeks growth. Both nodule number and AMF colonization differed by an order of magnitude among the nine soils. Soil available P explained almost all the variability in nodule number (r2 = 0.98), but had no significant effect on percent AMF colonization. By adding P to one soil, nodule numbers increased four-fold resulting in a significantly higher N content in the shoots. Similar, but smaller, effects were obtained by increasing the abundance of AMF through an inoculation with Glomus intraradices, suggesting that nodulation in this soil was limited by AMF abundance and that the fungi could, to a limited extent, substitute for P fertilizer. 相似文献
174.
Arthur Lau Yuk Shan Wong logy ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonH.K. Zhang Tong Nora F.Y.Tam 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1998,10(4):474-478
1IntroductionIndustrialwastewaters,particularlythosedischargedfrommanufacturingofprintedcircuitboard(PCB)andelectroplatingcon... 相似文献
175.
应用P.F.S和助剂的化学沉降法处理沥青厂二级气浮后的污水,处理后污水不仅达到排放标准,还可作工业冷却水用、实现污水闭路循环。 相似文献
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氯酚的生物降解特性及其微生物的16SrRNA基因序列分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从受氯代有机物污染的土壤中富集分离到对2、4-二氯酚具有高效降解能力的微生物混合菌群。实验表明,降解1mol二氯酚可以定量释放出2mol的氯离子,在生物流化床反应器中,以聚胺酯泡沫块为固定化载体吸附固定化微生物,进行了连续降解氯酚的实验研究,当水力停留时间为24h,二氯酚的初始浓度为30μmol/L时,二氯酚的去除率均在90%以上,利用平板划线法从混合微生物菌群中分离到可以利用二氯酚为唯一碳源和能源的纯种微生物,16SrRNA基因序列分析结果表明,该微生物为Rhodococcus属。 相似文献
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Simultaneous anaerobic- aerobic biodegradation of halogenated phenolic compound under oxygen-limited conditions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The successful application of co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass under limited aeration in wastewater treatment systems would eliminate the problems associated with the intermediates mono-chlorophenol(MCP) and di-chlorophenol(DCP) accumulations. With low initial pentachlorophenol(PCP) concentration, all PCP could be completely removed under oxygen-limited strict anaerobic conditions, and the removal efficiencies with different initial headspace oxygen percentage(IHOP) were not obviously different from each other. While at high initial PCP concentration, under strictly anaerobic conditions PCP and their intermediates were clearly higher than that under other conditions, and produced obvious accumulation, the highest PCP reduction was achieved by the system receiving 30 IHOP, oxygen-limited system also exhibited lower residual TOC concentration and lower concentration of metabolic intermediates MCP and DCP. These results suggested that under strictly anaerobic condition the reductive dechlorination of low chlorinated compounds became rate limiting in the reductive dechlorination pathway, less chlorinated compounds be more amenable to aerobic degradation, and the aerobes of outer layers could function under limited oxygen. The co-immobilized aerobic-anaerobic biomass for methanogenesis under limited-aeration for chlorophenol degradation might be an attractive and efficient alternative for the sequential anaerobic/aerobic system to achieve mineralization of a broad range of recalcitrance highly chlorinated organics and low final TOC concentrations. 相似文献